Question 1

According to the bliss point approach,reinforcement effects occur because

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral regulatory mechanisms function to minimize deviations from the optimal distribution of responses. 
B)  the drive state changes due to the instrumental contingency. 
C)  an animal attempts to earn as many reinforcers as possible, given the time constraints. 
D)  the animal seeks to maximize the sensory reinforcement of the contingent behavior. 
A)  behavioral regulatory mechanisms function to minimize deviations from the optimal distribution of responses. 
B)  the drive state changes due to the instrumental contingency. 
C)  an animal attempts to earn as many reinforcers as possible, given the time constraints. 
D)  the animal seeks to maximize the sensory reinforcement of the contingent behavior. A

Question 2

What are the primary contributions of economic concepts to the understanding of the motivational bases of instrumental behavior?

Accepted Answer

No answer provided

Question 3

Provide evidence that supports the hypothesis that animals can develop specific reward expectancies during conditioning procedures.

Accepted Answer

No answer provided

Question 4

Which of the following is not a contribution of the bliss point approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  It moved us away from thinking about reinforcers as a special class of stimuli. 
B)  Reinforcer responses are not considered to be more likely than instrumental responses. 
C)  Organisms are assumed to respond maximally as determined by physiology, ecological niche, and natural response tendencies. 
D)  Instrumental conditioning began to be viewed as a strengthening of the instrumental response. 
A)  It moved us away from thinking about reinforcers as a special class of stimuli. 
B)  Reinforcer responses are not considered to be more likely than instrumental responses. 
C)  Organisms are assumed to respond maximally as determined by physiology, ecological niche, and natural response tendencies. 
D)  Instrumental conditioning began to be viewed as a strengthening of the instrumental response.

Question 5

According to Premack's theory,

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement is dependent on species typical responses. 
B)  protecting physiological homeostasis motivates behavior. 
C)  high probability responses reinforce lower probability responses. 
D)  the likelihood of all instrumental responses is the same. 
A)  reinforcement is dependent on species typical responses. 
B)  protecting physiological homeostasis motivates behavior. 
C)  high probability responses reinforce lower probability responses. 
D)  the likelihood of all instrumental responses is the same.

Question 6

According to the modern two-process theory,classically conditioned emotional states are assumed to

Accepted Answer

A)  elicit specific conditioned responses. 
B)  elicit specific instrumental responses. 
C)  motivate instrumental behavior. 
D)  arise from the rg-sg mechanism. 
A)  elicit specific conditioned responses. 
B)  elicit specific instrumental responses. 
C)  motivate instrumental behavior. 
D)  arise from the rg-sg mechanism.

Question 7

According to the response deprivation hypothesis,an organism will work to gain access to a reinforcer response if

Accepted Answer

A)  access to that reinforcer response has been restricted. 
B)  the baseline probability of making that response is greater than that of making the instrumental response. 
C)  the baseline probability of making that response is less than that of the making the instrumental response. 
D)  making that response reduces a deprived physiological drive state. 
A)  access to that reinforcer response has been restricted. 
B)  the baseline probability of making that response is greater than that of making the instrumental response. 
C)  the baseline probability of making that response is less than that of the making the instrumental response. 
D)  making that response reduces a deprived physiological drive state.

Question 8

Which of the following is true of the bliss point?

Accepted Answer

A)  The bliss point is a molecular feature of behavior. 
B)  The distribution of responses leading to the bliss point has been determined to be unimportant. 
C)  A given response is the same in constrained and nonconstrained situations. 
D)  The bliss point is a molar feature of behavior 
A)  The bliss point is a molecular feature of behavior. 
B)  The distribution of responses leading to the bliss point has been determined to be unimportant. 
C)  A given response is the same in constrained and nonconstrained situations. 
D)  The bliss point is a molar feature of behavior

Question 9

Thirsty rats will drink more than they run in a wheel.When they are not thirsty,the same rats will run more than they drink.The evidence suggesting that running can be reinforced by drinking in thirsty rats,and drinking reinforced by running in non-thirsty rats,supports

Accepted Answer

A)  the differential probability theory. 
B)  the drive reduction theory. 
C)  the optimal foraging theory. 
D)  the incentive motivation theory. 
A)  the differential probability theory. 
B)  the drive reduction theory. 
C)  the optimal foraging theory. 
D)  the incentive motivation theory.

Question 10

The distribution of responses that is most comfortable to an organism is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  the behavioral bliss point. 
B)  the Premack principle. 
C)  the Premack baseline. 
D)  the behavioral deprivation point. 
A)  the behavioral bliss point. 
B)  the Premack principle. 
C)  the Premack baseline. 
D)  the behavioral deprivation point.

Question 11

A child would normally eat candy for 20 minutes of each hour and play pinball for 40 minutes.According to the minimum deviation model,if the child is required on average to play pinball for 50 minutes in order to eat candy for 20 minutes,the child will most likely distribute its behavior to

Accepted Answer

A)  play pinball for 50 minutes to gain access to 20 minutes of candy. 
B)  play pinball for only 40 minutes for less than 20 minutes of candy. 
C)  play pinball for between 40 and 50 minutes for less than 20 minutes of candy. 
D)  play pinball for more than 50 minutes to get as much candy as possible. 
A)  play pinball for 50 minutes to gain access to 20 minutes of candy. 
B)  play pinball for only 40 minutes for less than 20 minutes of candy. 
C)  play pinball for between 40 and 50 minutes for less than 20 minutes of candy. 
D)  play pinball for more than 50 minutes to get as much candy as possible.

Question 12

Which of the following is not considered a determinant of the elasticity of demand?

Accepted Answer

A)  availability of substitutes 
B)  price range 
C)  income level 
D)  reinforcer quantity 
A)  availability of substitutes 
B)  price range 
C)  income level 
D)  reinforcer quantity

Question 13

According to the minimum deviation model,when an instrumental contingency is imposed that will not allow an animal to achieve its behavioral bliss point,

Accepted Answer

A)  the animal will fulfill the optimal level of responding for biologically driven responses. 
B)  the animal will fulfill the optimal level of responding only for the instrumental response. 
C)  the animal will compromise and perform more of the instrumental response and less of the contingent response. 
D)  the animal will fulfill the optimal level of the contingent response. 
A)  the animal will fulfill the optimal level of responding for biologically driven responses. 
B)  the animal will fulfill the optimal level of responding only for the instrumental response. 
C)  the animal will compromise and perform more of the instrumental response and less of the contingent response. 
D)  the animal will fulfill the optimal level of the contingent response.

Question 14

What are the shortcomings of behavioral-regulation theory?

Accepted Answer

Behavioral-regulation theory, which enco

Question 15

What is likely to occur in the testing phase of a transfer experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  A conditional stimulus that had previously been trained in a compound is presented alone. 
B)  A conditional stimulus is presented while an organism is engaged in an instrumental behavior. 
C)  A conditional response is recorded as an organism makes an instrumental response. 
D)  An unconditional stimulus is presented while an organism is making a conditional response. 
A)  A conditional stimulus that had previously been trained in a compound is presented alone. 
B)  A conditional stimulus is presented while an organism is engaged in an instrumental behavior. 
C)  A conditional response is recorded as an organism makes an instrumental response. 
D)  An unconditional stimulus is presented while an organism is making a conditional response.

Question 16

A child who chewed very little gum was fitted with braces and cannot chew gum at all.Now,the child's friends can reward mischievous behavior in the child by sneaking the child pieces of gum.Which of the following theories best accounts for the ability of gum chewing to reinforce other behaviors in this child?

Accepted Answer

A)  drive reduction theory 
B)  the response deprivation hypothesis 
C)  the Premack principle 
D)  the differential probability theory 
A)  drive reduction theory 
B)  the response deprivation hypothesis 
C)  the Premack principle 
D)  the differential probability theory

Question 17

An instrumental contingency results in increased performance of a target instrumental response.According to the bliss point approach,this increase is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral regulatory mechanisms that function to minimize deviations from the optimal distribution of responses. 
B)  an animal's attempts to earn as many reinforcers as possible, given the time constraints. 
C)  changes in the physiological drive state of the organism during response deprivation. 
D)  activation of dedicated brain pathways sensitive to response contingencies. 
A)  behavioral regulatory mechanisms that function to minimize deviations from the optimal distribution of responses. 
B)  an animal's attempts to earn as many reinforcers as possible, given the time constraints. 
C)  changes in the physiological drive state of the organism during response deprivation. 
D)  activation of dedicated brain pathways sensitive to response contingencies.

Question 18

Susan likes to jog every morning for about an hour to start her day.Her new job allows her time to jog,but only in the afternoons.She is quite unhappy with this situation.Susan's discontent provides a challenge to which theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  response deprivation theory 
B)  the Premack principle 
C)  the bliss point approach 
D)  drive reduction theory 
A)  response deprivation theory 
B)  the Premack principle 
C)  the bliss point approach 
D)  drive reduction theory

Question 19

You normally like to read about 20 hours a week.Your English professor has assigned 20 hours of reading per week and you find that you now want to read less.This shift is a challenge to

Accepted Answer

A)  response deprivation theory. 
B)  the bliss point approach. 
C)  optimal foraging theory. 
D)  drive reduction theory. 
A)  response deprivation theory. 
B)  the bliss point approach. 
C)  optimal foraging theory. 
D)  drive reduction theory.

Question 20

How do studies of the associative structure of instrumental conditioning help in understanding the nature of drug addiction?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do studies of the associative structure...

According to the bliss point approach,reinforcement effects occur because

What are the primary contributions of economic concepts to the understanding of the motivational bases of instrumental behavior?

Provide evidence that supports the hypothesis that animals can develop specific reward expectancies during conditioning procedures.

Which of the following is not a contribution of the bliss point approach?

According to Premack's theory,

According to the modern two-process theory,classically conditioned emotional states are assumed to

According to the response deprivation hypothesis,an organism will work to gain access to a reinforcer response if

Which of the following is true of the bliss point?

Thirsty rats will drink more than they run in a wheel.When they are not thirsty,the same rats will run more than they drink.The evidence suggesting that running can be reinforced by drinking in thirsty rats,and drinking reinforced by running in non-thirsty rats,supports

The distribution of responses that is most comfortable to an organism is referred to as

A child would normally eat candy for 20 minutes of each hour and play pinball for 40 minutes.According to the minimum deviation model,if the child is required on average to play pinball for 50 minutes in order to eat candy for 20 minutes,the child will most likely distribute its behavior to

Which of the following is not considered a determinant of the elasticity of demand?

According to the minimum deviation model,when an instrumental contingency is imposed that will not allow an animal to achieve its behavioral bliss point,

What are the shortcomings of behavioral-regulation theory?

What is likely to occur in the testing phase of a transfer experiment?

An instrumental contingency results in increased performance of a target instrumental response.According to the bliss point approach,this increase is due to

Susan likes to jog every morning for about an hour to start her day.Her new job allows her time to jog,but only in the afternoons.She is quite unhappy with this situation.Susan's discontent provides a challenge to which theory?

You normally like to read about 20 hours a week.Your English professor has assigned 20 hours of reading per week and you find that you now want to read less.This shift is a challenge to

How do studies of the associative structure of instrumental conditioning help in understanding the nature of drug addiction?

Introduction

Elicited Behavior, Habituation, and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning: Foundations

Classical Conditioning: Mechanisms

Instrumental Conditioning: Foundations

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Aversive Control: Avoidance and Punishment

Comparative Cognition I: Memory Mechanisms

Comparative Cognition II: Special Topics

Filters

Exam 7: Instrumental Conditioning: Motivational Mechanisms

According to the bliss point approach,reinforcement effects occur because

What are the primary contributions of economic concepts to the understanding of the motivational bases of instrumental behavior?

Provide evidence that supports the hypothesis that animals can develop specific reward expectancies during conditioning procedures.

Which of the following is not a contribution of the bliss point approach?

According to Premack's theory,

According to the modern two-process theory,classically conditioned emotional states are assumed to

According to the response deprivation hypothesis,an organism will work to gain access to a reinforcer response if

Which of the following is true of the bliss point?

Thirsty rats will drink more than they run in a wheel.When they are not thirsty,the same rats will run more than they drink.The evidence suggesting that running can be reinforced by drinking in thirsty rats,and drinking reinforced by running in non-thirsty rats,supports

The distribution of responses that is most comfortable to an organism is referred to as

A child would normally eat candy for 20 minutes of each hour and play pinball for 40 minutes.According to the minimum deviation model,if the child is required on average to play pinball for 50 minutes in order to eat candy for 20 minutes,the child will most likely distribute its behavior to

Which of the following is not considered a determinant of the elasticity of demand?

According to the minimum deviation model,when an instrumental contingency is imposed that will not allow an animal to achieve its behavioral bliss point,

What are the shortcomings of behavioral-regulation theory?

What is likely to occur in the testing phase of a transfer experiment?

An instrumental contingency results in increased performance of a target instrumental response.According to the bliss point approach,this increase is due to

Susan likes to jog every morning for about an hour to start her day.Her new job allows her time to jog,but only in the afternoons.She is quite unhappy with this situation.Susan's discontent provides a challenge to which theory?

You normally like to read about 20 hours a week.Your English professor has assigned 20 hours of reading per week and you find that you now want to read less.This shift is a challenge to

How do studies of the associative structure of instrumental conditioning help in understanding the nature of drug addiction?

Introduction

Elicited Behavior, Habituation, and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning: Foundations

Classical Conditioning: Mechanisms

Instrumental Conditioning: Foundations

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Aversive Control: Avoidance and Punishment

Comparative Cognition I: Memory Mechanisms

Comparative Cognition II: Special Topics

Filters