Question 1

The important difference between the memory consolidation and retrieval failure hypotheses of retrograde amnesia is that

Accepted Answer

A)  the memory consolidation hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects altered coding of new memories, whereas the retrieval failure hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects a vulnerability of information in the short-term store. 
B)  the memory consolidation hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects memory loss, whereas the retrieval failure hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects altered coding of new memories. 
C)  the memory consolidation hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects memory loss, whereas the retrieval failure hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects a vulnerability of information in the short-term store. 
D)  the memory consolidation hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects a vulnerability of information in the short-term store, whereas the retrieval failure hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects memory loss. 
A)  the memory consolidation hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects altered coding of new memories, whereas the retrieval failure hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects a vulnerability of information in the short-term store. 
B)  the memory consolidation hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects memory loss, whereas the retrieval failure hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects altered coding of new memories. 
C)  the memory consolidation hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects memory loss, whereas the retrieval failure hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects a vulnerability of information in the short-term store. 
D)  the memory consolidation hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects a vulnerability of information in the short-term store, whereas the retrieval failure hypothesis assumes that amnesia reflects memory loss. B

Question 2

Prospective memory refers to memory for events

Accepted Answer

A)  that must happen in the future. 
B)  that have occurred in the immediate past. 
C)  that have occurred in the distant past. 
D)  that are no longer stored in working memory. 
A)  that must happen in the future. 
B)  that have occurred in the immediate past. 
C)  that have occurred in the distant past. 
D)  that are no longer stored in working memory. A

Question 3

Monkeys are presented with a series of stimuli in a delayed matching to sample task.First a white light signals the start of the trial.Then a green light is presented,followed by the red sample light,a delay,and then the test stimuli of a green light and a red light.This experiment is designed to explore

Accepted Answer

A)  proactive interference. 
B)  reference memory coding. 
C)  retroactive interference. 
D)  retrograde amnesia. 
A)  proactive interference. 
B)  reference memory coding. 
C)  retroactive interference. 
D)  retrograde amnesia. A

Question 4

Which of the following is true of the "internal representations" discussed in the study of animal cognition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Like gravity, they are a theoretical construct. 
B)  They are investigated in some laboratories by "looking" into the central nervous system. 
C)  They are investigated in some laboratories by "looking" into the peripheral nervous system. 
D)  They reflect conscious reflection on a past experience. 
A)  Like gravity, they are a theoretical construct. 
B)  They are investigated in some laboratories by "looking" into the central nervous system. 
C)  They are investigated in some laboratories by "looking" into the peripheral nervous system. 
D)  They reflect conscious reflection on a past experience.

Question 5

Compare proactive and retroactive interference.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare proactive and retroactive interference....

Question 6

Long-term potentiation

Accepted Answer

A)  weakens synaptic connections. 
B)  strengthens synaptic connections. 
C)  can either strengthen or weaken synaptic connections. 
D)  can both strengthen and weaken synaptic connections. 
A)  weakens synaptic connections. 
B)  strengthens synaptic connections. 
C)  can either strengthen or weaken synaptic connections. 
D)  can both strengthen and weaken synaptic connections.

Question 7

Items in working memory

Accepted Answer

A)  are, by definition, held there only long enough to complete a given task. 
B)  are held only for a short (10-25 seconds) time. 
C)  are held for a long time, and are necessary for successful use of incoming and recently acquired information. 
D)  are useful only when other means of behavior acquisition fail. 
A)  are, by definition, held there only long enough to complete a given task. 
B)  are held only for a short (10-25 seconds) time. 
C)  are held for a long time, and are necessary for successful use of incoming and recently acquired information. 
D)  are useful only when other means of behavior acquisition fail.

Question 8

Sometimes training results in conflicting memories.What role do contextual cues play in retrieval of conflicting memories?

Accepted Answer

Contextual cues play a significant role

Question 9

Compare the memory consolidation and retrieval-failure hypotheses of retrograde amnesia.What evidence allows researchers to decide between the two hypotheses?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the memory consolidation and retrieval-failure hypotheses...

Question 10

To successfully respond in a delayed matching to sample task,pigeons focus on

Accepted Answer

A)  the correct stimulus. 
B)  the incorrect stimulus. 
C)  a combination of the correct and incorrect stimuli. 
D)  It cannot be determined. 
A)  the correct stimulus. 
B)  the incorrect stimulus. 
C)  a combination of the correct and incorrect stimuli. 
D)  It cannot be determined.

Question 11

Susan,Debra,and Sally are serving as subjects in a psychology experiment.Each will be taught to ride a bicycle.Susan will be taught by an expert instructor,Debra will be taught by a video demonstration,and Sally will be given a book on bicycles.The amount of time it takes each student to learn to ride will be recorded.This is likely a study of

Accepted Answer

A)  retrieval. 
B)  retention. 
C)  acquisition. 
D)  spatial memory. 
A)  retrieval. 
B)  retention. 
C)  acquisition. 
D)  spatial memory.

Question 12

Describe the phenomenon of directed forgetting and what it tells us about memory processes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the phenomenon of directed forgetting and...

Question 13

To keep memory load at a minimum while performing a long list of tasks,you should use _____ coding strategies near the beginning of the task list and _____ strategies near the end.

Accepted Answer

A)  rehearsal, retrieval 
B)  retrieval, rehearsal 
C)  prospective, retrospective 
D)  retrospective, prospective 
A)  rehearsal, retrieval 
B)  retrieval, rehearsal 
C)  prospective, retrospective 
D)  retrospective, prospective

Question 14

In order for a rat to transfer learning from one set of stimuli in a matching to sample task to another set of stimuli,the rat must learn

Accepted Answer

A)  an S-R relationship. 
B)  an R-O relationship. 
C)  an S(R-O) relationship. 
D)  a general rule. 
A)  an S-R relationship. 
B)  an R-O relationship. 
C)  an S(R-O) relationship. 
D)  a general rule.

Question 15

Evidence to support the retrieval failure hypothesis of retrograde amnesia comes from studies in which

Accepted Answer

A)  memory deficits can be overcome by reminder treatments. 
B)  hypothermia causes retrograde amnesia. 
C)  memory deficits occur in response to ECT. 
D)  memory in the short-term store is shown to be vulnerable. 
A)  memory deficits can be overcome by reminder treatments. 
B)  hypothermia causes retrograde amnesia. 
C)  memory deficits occur in response to ECT. 
D)  memory in the short-term store is shown to be vulnerable.

Question 16

When the radial arm maze is placed on the floor instead of being elevated,

Accepted Answer

A)  rats demonstrate wall hugging behavior as they acquire the food. 
B)  rats minimize the distance traveled as they acquire food. 
C)  rats demonstrate random search patterns as they acquire food. 
D)  rats demonstrate behavior similar to that on elevated mazes as they acquire food. 
A)  rats demonstrate wall hugging behavior as they acquire the food. 
B)  rats minimize the distance traveled as they acquire food. 
C)  rats demonstrate random search patterns as they acquire food. 
D)  rats demonstrate behavior similar to that on elevated mazes as they acquire food.

Question 17

A simultaneous matching to sample task differs from a delayed matching to sample task because

Accepted Answer

A)  delayed matching to sample tasks do not require working memory, and simultaneous matching to sample tasks do. 
B)  in a simultaneous matching to sample task, there is no test stimuli presentation. 
C)  in a delayed matching to sample task, there is no test stimuli presentation. 
D)  the interval between the sample stimulus and test stimuli presentations is different. 
A)  delayed matching to sample tasks do not require working memory, and simultaneous matching to sample tasks do. 
B)  in a simultaneous matching to sample task, there is no test stimuli presentation. 
C)  in a delayed matching to sample task, there is no test stimuli presentation. 
D)  the interval between the sample stimulus and test stimuli presentations is different.

Question 18

In a delayed matching to sample task,what event immediately precedes presentation of the test stimuli?

Accepted Answer

A)  a sample stimulus presentation 
B)  a start cue 
C)  a delay interval 
D)  a discriminative stimulus presentation 
A)  a sample stimulus presentation 
B)  a start cue 
C)  a delay interval 
D)  a discriminative stimulus presentation

Question 19

Describe the delayed matching-to-sample procedure and alternative strategies that can be used to respond accurately in such a procedure.How can these response strategies be distinguished experimentally?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the delayed matching-to-sample procedure and alternative...

Question 20

After three right-hand turns,Sally remembers that to get to Beth's house she must next make a left-hand turn.To remember the left-hand turn,Sally is using

Accepted Answer

A)  prospective memory. 
B)  retrospective memory. 
C)  introspective memory. 
D)  rehearsal memory. 
A)  prospective memory. 
B)  retrospective memory. 
C)  introspective memory. 
D)  rehearsal memory.

The important difference between the memory consolidation and retrieval failure hypotheses of retrograde amnesia is that

Prospective memory refers to memory for events

Which of the following is true of the "internal representations" discussed in the study of animal cognition?

Compare proactive and retroactive interference.

Long-term potentiation

Items in working memory

Sometimes training results in conflicting memories.What role do contextual cues play in retrieval of conflicting memories?

Compare the memory consolidation and retrieval-failure hypotheses of retrograde amnesia.What evidence allows researchers to decide between the two hypotheses?

To successfully respond in a delayed matching to sample task,pigeons focus on

Describe the phenomenon of directed forgetting and what it tells us about memory processes.

To keep memory load at a minimum while performing a long list of tasks,you should use _ coding strategies near the beginning of the task list and _ strategies near the end.

In order for a rat to transfer learning from one set of stimuli in a matching to sample task to another set of stimuli,the rat must learn

Evidence to support the retrieval failure hypothesis of retrograde amnesia comes from studies in which

When the radial arm maze is placed on the floor instead of being elevated,

A simultaneous matching to sample task differs from a delayed matching to sample task because

In a delayed matching to sample task,what event immediately precedes presentation of the test stimuli?

Describe the delayed matching-to-sample procedure and alternative strategies that can be used to respond accurately in such a procedure.How can these response strategies be distinguished experimentally?

After three right-hand turns,Sally remembers that to get to Beth's house she must next make a left-hand turn.To remember the left-hand turn,Sally is using

Introduction

Elicited Behavior, Habituation, and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning: Foundations

Classical Conditioning: Mechanisms

Instrumental Conditioning: Foundations

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Instrumental Conditioning: Motivational Mechanisms

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Aversive Control: Avoidance and Punishment

Comparative Cognition II: Special Topics

Filters

Exam 11: Comparative Cognition I: Memory Mechanisms

The important difference between the memory consolidation and retrieval failure hypotheses of retrograde amnesia is that

Prospective memory refers to memory for events

Which of the following is true of the "internal representations" discussed in the study of animal cognition?

Compare proactive and retroactive interference.

Long-term potentiation

Items in working memory

Sometimes training results in conflicting memories.What role do contextual cues play in retrieval of conflicting memories?

Compare the memory consolidation and retrieval-failure hypotheses of retrograde amnesia.What evidence allows researchers to decide between the two hypotheses?

To successfully respond in a delayed matching to sample task,pigeons focus on

Describe the phenomenon of directed forgetting and what it tells us about memory processes.

To keep memory load at a minimum while performing a long list of tasks,you should use _____ coding strategies near the beginning of the task list and _____ strategies near the end.

In order for a rat to transfer learning from one set of stimuli in a matching to sample task to another set of stimuli,the rat must learn

Evidence to support the retrieval failure hypothesis of retrograde amnesia comes from studies in which

When the radial arm maze is placed on the floor instead of being elevated,

A simultaneous matching to sample task differs from a delayed matching to sample task because

In a delayed matching to sample task,what event immediately precedes presentation of the test stimuli?

Describe the delayed matching-to-sample procedure and alternative strategies that can be used to respond accurately in such a procedure.How can these response strategies be distinguished experimentally?

After three right-hand turns,Sally remembers that to get to Beth's house she must next make a left-hand turn.To remember the left-hand turn,Sally is using

Introduction

Elicited Behavior, Habituation, and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning: Foundations

Classical Conditioning: Mechanisms

Instrumental Conditioning: Foundations

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Instrumental Conditioning: Motivational Mechanisms

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Aversive Control: Avoidance and Punishment

Comparative Cognition II: Special Topics

Filters

To keep memory load at a minimum while performing a long list of tasks,you should use _ coding strategies near the beginning of the task list and _ strategies near the end.