Question 1

The stimulus-element approach assumes that

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus elements maintain their individuality in their control of behavior even when in a compound stimulus. 
B)  stimulus elements maintain their individuality in their control of behavior except when in a compound stimulus. 
C)  stimulus elements maintain their individuality in their control of behavior only when in a compound stimulus. 
D)  stimulus elements act as a configuration to control behavior when they are presented in a compound stimulus. 
A)  stimulus elements maintain their individuality in their control of behavior even when in a compound stimulus. 
B)  stimulus elements maintain their individuality in their control of behavior except when in a compound stimulus. 
C)  stimulus elements maintain their individuality in their control of behavior only when in a compound stimulus. 
D)  stimulus elements act as a configuration to control behavior when they are presented in a compound stimulus. A

Question 2

Spence's theory suggests that the peak shift phenomenon will only occur when

Accepted Answer

A)  the excitatory and inhibitory generalization gradients overlap. 
B)  the excitatory and inhibitory generalization gradients do not overlap. 
C)  the inhibitory generalization gradient shifts towards the S+. 
D)  the excitatory generalization gradient shifts away from the S-. 
A)  the excitatory and inhibitory generalization gradients overlap. 
B)  the excitatory and inhibitory generalization gradients do not overlap. 
C)  the inhibitory generalization gradient shifts towards the S+. 
D)  the excitatory generalization gradient shifts away from the S-. A

Question 3

Describe how the steepness of a generalization gradient may be altered by experience and learning.

Accepted Answer

Answer not provided

Question 4

Describe Spence's theory of discrimination learning.What evidence supports this theory? How does this theory account for the peak-shift effect?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe Spence's theory of discrimination learning.What evidence...

Question 5

The extent to which an organism learns about a stimulus depends on how easily other stimuli in the environment can become conditioned.This phenomenon is called

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus generalization. 
B)  discrimination. 
C)  sensitization. 
D)  overshadowing. 
A)  stimulus generalization. 
B)  discrimination. 
C)  sensitization. 
D)  overshadowing.

Question 6

Stimulus control of instrumental behavior is demonstrated by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  similar responding in the presence of similar stimuli 
B)  similar responding in the presence of different stimuli 
C)  differential responding in the presence of different stimuli 
D)  differential responding in the presence of similar stimuli 
A)  similar responding in the presence of similar stimuli 
B)  similar responding in the presence of different stimuli 
C)  differential responding in the presence of different stimuli 
D)  differential responding in the presence of similar stimuli

Question 7

Context is an important determinant of learned behavior performance

Accepted Answer

A)  only when the contingency requires the subject to attend to the context. 
B)  when the context is more than background cues. 
C)  only when the context serves as a discriminative stimulus. 
D)  even when it is truly background. 
A)  only when the contingency requires the subject to attend to the context. 
B)  when the context is more than background cues. 
C)  only when the context serves as a discriminative stimulus. 
D)  even when it is truly background.

Question 8

A pigeon is trained to peck in the presence of a 500 nm wavelength light and is not reinforced for pecking in the presence of a 510 nm wavelength light.After training,most performance will be demonstrated in response to a

Accepted Answer

A)  400 nm light. 
B)  490 nm light. 
C)  500 nm light. 
D)  505 nm light. 
A)  400 nm light. 
B)  490 nm light. 
C)  500 nm light. 
D)  505 nm light.

Question 9

Which of the following stimuli could be used in an intradimensional discrimination procedure?

Accepted Answer

A)  S+ = bright red light: S- = no light 
B)  S+ = bright red light: S- = bright yellow light 
C)  S+ = bright red light: S- = tone 
D)  S+ = bright red light: S- = white key light with black bar 
A)  S+ = bright red light: S- = no light 
B)  S+ = bright red light: S- = bright yellow light 
C)  S+ = bright red light: S- = tone 
D)  S+ = bright red light: S- = white key light with black bar

Question 10

Compare and contrast conditioned excitation and modulatory or occasion setting properties of stimuli.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast conditioned excitation and modulatory...

Question 11

Describe the role of contextual cues in the control of a common human behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the role of contextual cues in...

Question 12

A hamster is trained to push a lever to earn a food pellet each time it hears a bell.When a buzzer sounds,pushing the lever does not result in food delivery.The hamster quickly learns to respond to the bell and does not respond to the buzzer.We can conclude

Accepted Answer

A)  the hamster has learned to respond only when the S+ is present. 
B)  the hamster has learned to suppress responding only when the S- is present. 
C)  the hamster has learned to respond only when the S+ is present and to suppress responding only when the S- is present. 
D)  that more information is needed to determine what the hamster has learned. 
A)  the hamster has learned to respond only when the S+ is present. 
B)  the hamster has learned to suppress responding only when the S- is present. 
C)  the hamster has learned to respond only when the S+ is present and to suppress responding only when the S- is present. 
D)  that more information is needed to determine what the hamster has learned.

Question 13

A cat is trained to hit a suspended ball in the presence of a red light.Presentations of other lights were not followed by any reinforcers if the cat hit the ball.According to Spence,the cat learned

Accepted Answer

A)  to respond only when the S+ is present. 
B)  to suppress responding only when the S- is present. 
C)  to respond only when the S+ is present and to suppress responding only when the S- is present. 
D)  to suppress inhibition when the S- is present. 
A)  to respond only when the S+ is present. 
B)  to suppress responding only when the S- is present. 
C)  to respond only when the S+ is present and to suppress responding only when the S- is present. 
D)  to suppress inhibition when the S- is present.

Question 14

Which of the following conditioning procedures will result in the steepest stimulus generalization gradient?

Accepted Answer

A)  S+ = 1000 Hz tone; S- = no tone 
B)  S+ = 500 Hz tone; S- = 850 Hz tone 
C)  S+ = 600 Hz tone; S- = 450 Hz tone 
D)  S+ = 950 Hz tone; S- = 900 Hz tone 
A)  S+ = 1000 Hz tone; S- = no tone 
B)  S+ = 500 Hz tone; S- = 850 Hz tone 
C)  S+ = 600 Hz tone; S- = 450 Hz tone 
D)  S+ = 950 Hz tone; S- = 900 Hz tone

Question 15

A steep stimulus generalization gradient indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  the stimulus being varied has little stimulus control. 
B)  the subjects are demonstrating stimulus generalization. 
C)  the instrumental behavior is under the control of the stimulus feature being varied. 
D)  further testing is needed to determine if stimulus differentiation has occurred. 
A)  the stimulus being varied has little stimulus control. 
B)  the subjects are demonstrating stimulus generalization. 
C)  the instrumental behavior is under the control of the stimulus feature being varied. 
D)  further testing is needed to determine if stimulus differentiation has occurred.

Question 16

What does the steepness of a stimulus generalization reveal to a researcher?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does the steepness of a stimulus...

Question 17

Which of the following pairs of stimuli will result in the greatest peak-shift phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  S+ = bright red light: S- = no light 
B)  S+ = bright red light: S- = bright yellow light 
C)  S+ = bright red light: S- = tone 
D)  S+ = bright red light: S- = bright orange light 
A)  S+ = bright red light: S- = no light 
B)  S+ = bright red light: S- = bright yellow light 
C)  S+ = bright red light: S- = tone 
D)  S+ = bright red light: S- = bright orange light

Question 18

An animal demonstrates stimulus generalization when it

Accepted Answer

A)  responds in a similar fashion to repeated presentations of the same stimulus. 
B)  responds in a different fashion to repeated presentations of the same stimulus. 
C)  responds in a similar fashion to two or more stimuli. 
D)  responds in a different fashion to two or more stimuli. 
A)  responds in a similar fashion to repeated presentations of the same stimulus. 
B)  responds in a different fashion to repeated presentations of the same stimulus. 
C)  responds in a similar fashion to two or more stimuli. 
D)  responds in a different fashion to two or more stimuli.

Question 19

Describe the phenomenon of overshadowing and describe how it may be explained by elemental and configural approaches to stimulus control.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the phenomenon of overshadowing and describe...

Question 20

According to the configural-cue approach,

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus elements maintain their individuality in their control of behavior even when in a compound stimulus. 
B)  individuals respond to a compound stimulus in terms of the unique blend of the compound elements. 
C)  stimulus elements maintain their individuality in their control of behavior only when in a compound stimulus. 
D)  a less salient stimulus element can control behavior if the required response is carefully chosen. 
A)  stimulus elements maintain their individuality in their control of behavior even when in a compound stimulus. 
B)  individuals respond to a compound stimulus in terms of the unique blend of the compound elements. 
C)  stimulus elements maintain their individuality in their control of behavior only when in a compound stimulus. 
D)  a less salient stimulus element can control behavior if the required response is carefully chosen.

The stimulus-element approach assumes that

Spence's theory suggests that the peak shift phenomenon will only occur when

Describe how the steepness of a generalization gradient may be altered by experience and learning.

Describe Spence's theory of discrimination learning.What evidence supports this theory? How does this theory account for the peak-shift effect?

The extent to which an organism learns about a stimulus depends on how easily other stimuli in the environment can become conditioned.This phenomenon is called

Stimulus control of instrumental behavior is demonstrated by which of the following?

Context is an important determinant of learned behavior performance

A pigeon is trained to peck in the presence of a 500 nm wavelength light and is not reinforced for pecking in the presence of a 510 nm wavelength light.After training,most performance will be demonstrated in response to a

Which of the following stimuli could be used in an intradimensional discrimination procedure?

Compare and contrast conditioned excitation and modulatory or occasion setting properties of stimuli.

Describe the role of contextual cues in the control of a common human behavior.

A hamster is trained to push a lever to earn a food pellet each time it hears a bell.When a buzzer sounds,pushing the lever does not result in food delivery.The hamster quickly learns to respond to the bell and does not respond to the buzzer.We can conclude

A cat is trained to hit a suspended ball in the presence of a red light.Presentations of other lights were not followed by any reinforcers if the cat hit the ball.According to Spence,the cat learned

Which of the following conditioning procedures will result in the steepest stimulus generalization gradient?

A steep stimulus generalization gradient indicates that

What does the steepness of a stimulus generalization reveal to a researcher?

Which of the following pairs of stimuli will result in the greatest peak-shift phenomenon?

An animal demonstrates stimulus generalization when it

Describe the phenomenon of overshadowing and describe how it may be explained by elemental and configural approaches to stimulus control.

According to the configural-cue approach,

Introduction

Elicited Behavior, Habituation, and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning: Foundations

Classical Conditioning: Mechanisms

Instrumental Conditioning: Foundations

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Instrumental Conditioning: Motivational Mechanisms

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Aversive Control: Avoidance and Punishment

Comparative Cognition I: Memory Mechanisms

Comparative Cognition II: Special Topics

Filters

Exam 8: Stimulus Control of Behavior

The stimulus-element approach assumes that

Spence's theory suggests that the peak shift phenomenon will only occur when

Describe how the steepness of a generalization gradient may be altered by experience and learning.

Describe Spence's theory of discrimination learning.What evidence supports this theory? How does this theory account for the peak-shift effect?

The extent to which an organism learns about a stimulus depends on how easily other stimuli in the environment can become conditioned.This phenomenon is called

Stimulus control of instrumental behavior is demonstrated by which of the following?

Context is an important determinant of learned behavior performance

A pigeon is trained to peck in the presence of a 500 nm wavelength light and is not reinforced for pecking in the presence of a 510 nm wavelength light.After training,most performance will be demonstrated in response to a

Which of the following stimuli could be used in an intradimensional discrimination procedure?

Compare and contrast conditioned excitation and modulatory or occasion setting properties of stimuli.

Describe the role of contextual cues in the control of a common human behavior.

A hamster is trained to push a lever to earn a food pellet each time it hears a bell.When a buzzer sounds,pushing the lever does not result in food delivery.The hamster quickly learns to respond to the bell and does not respond to the buzzer.We can conclude

A cat is trained to hit a suspended ball in the presence of a red light.Presentations of other lights were not followed by any reinforcers if the cat hit the ball.According to Spence,the cat learned

Which of the following conditioning procedures will result in the steepest stimulus generalization gradient?

A steep stimulus generalization gradient indicates that

What does the steepness of a stimulus generalization reveal to a researcher?

Which of the following pairs of stimuli will result in the greatest peak-shift phenomenon?

An animal demonstrates stimulus generalization when it

Describe the phenomenon of overshadowing and describe how it may be explained by elemental and configural approaches to stimulus control.

According to the configural-cue approach,

Introduction

Elicited Behavior, Habituation, and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning: Foundations

Classical Conditioning: Mechanisms

Instrumental Conditioning: Foundations

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Instrumental Conditioning: Motivational Mechanisms

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Aversive Control: Avoidance and Punishment

Comparative Cognition I: Memory Mechanisms

Comparative Cognition II: Special Topics

Filters