Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning

Mary takes a course in which she is tested every two weeks. Her studying falls off right after a test, followed by a gradual increase to a rapid rate of studying as the next test approaches. Her studying conforms to the typical pattern of responding maintained on

Errol used to go to his health club every day after work because he almost always saw Anya there. For two full weeks Anya wasn't at the club when Errol went there for his workout, and now Errol has stopped going to his health club. This example illustrates the operant conditioning process of

In classical conditioning, the stimulus that naturally evokes an unlearned response is the

A relatively durable change in behaviour or knowledge that is due to experience is defined as

Stimulus generalisation occurs when

If a baseball player who has been in a batting slump for several weeks alters his batting stance and wears a new batting glove one day and gets three hits, the cognitive explanation of conditioning suggests that for the next game, the baseball player will continue to

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

Briefly describe observational learning, and explain how it relates to classical and operant conditioning.

On Tuesday morning, Patience prepared her typical breakfast of cornflakes with milk and a cup of coffee. However, instead of having guava with her breakfast, she tried eating grapefruit for the first time. Later she became extremely ill. If her illness causes her to develop a conditioned response to one of her breakfast items, the conditioned response will MOST likely be to

You are watching a rat pressing a lever in a Skinner box to obtain food pellets. The rat is pressing the lever at a slow, steady rate, but it does not stop, even when a food pellet is delivered. In this example, the reinforcement schedule that is in place is MOST likely

Last year Bongi went to a psychologist and was cured of her dog phobia. Today, however, while jogging in the park she was overcome with anxiety when she saw a young man jogging toward her with his golden retriever on a leash. Apparently, Bongi's dog phobia

When advertisers pair their products with attractive people or enjoyable surroundings, in the hope that the pairings will cause their products to evoke good feelings, they are using principles derived from

The basic principles of gradual acquisition, extinction, stimulus generalisation, and discrimination apply

A salesperson earns a commission for each item of clothing she sells. Commission on the clothing sales is an example of which type of reinforcement schedule?

The type of learning in which voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences is

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Pavlov became interested in conditioning when he observed laboratory dogs

Sally developed a nasty stomach flu a few hours after she ate sushi for the first time; now every time Sally sees sushi she feels sick to her stomach. Sally is demonstrating a(n) ____________________.

A three-year-old boy observes his father yelling at his mother every time she says something the father doesn't like. Based on principles of observational learning, in the future whenever the mother says something to the boy that he does not like, the boy is MOST likely to do which of the following?

A relatively durable change in behaviour or knowledge that is due to experience defines