Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning

Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which

Explain how a specific phobia could be acquired through classical conditioning, being sure to identify the unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response in your example. Also, using classical conditioning, indicate how the phobia could be eliminated.

The continued presentation of the CS without the US will result in the gradual disappearance of the CR. This phenomenon is known as

Food is an example of ____; praise is an example of ____.

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Bryony was very close to her father; she claims that he always made her feel safe. Bryony's father always wore "Stetson" cologne. Today every time she smells the scent of "Stetson" cologne she develops a pleasant feeling of warmth and comfort. The learning process that could best account for Bryony's pleasant feelings is

A woman reported feeling "weak in the knees" whenever she smelled cigarette smoke and Beemans gum because of the association of these smells with her first love. In this example, the combined smell of cigarettes and Beemans gum would be

Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which

A worker gets paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week. He is being paid on a ____ schedule.

The experience Seligman had with sauce béarnaise was unique in that

When a response is strengthened because it is followed by the presentation of a rewarding stimulus, it is called

While Pavlov and Skinner viewed conditioning as a purely ____ process, today learning psychologists view conditioning as also containing a ____ component.

At preschool, Thulani has learned that she must wash her hands before snack-time in order to get a snack. At home, however, her parents do not check to make sure she washes her hands. When she is home, Thulani does not wash her hands before eating. Thulani's behaviour illustrates the process of

In Pavlov's principle experiment, if a dog salivates after hearing a tone the salivation would be the

Traffic lights serve as discriminative stimuli for the operant behaviour of driving.

Describe how negative reinforcement differs from punishment.

____________________ refers to the initial stage of learning something.

____________________ reinforcers include things such as food, water, warmth, and sex, which are inherently reinforcing because they satisfy biological needs.

A schedule of reinforcement is

Pavlov found that meat powder placed on a dog's tongue will make the dog salivate. In Pavlov's terms, the meat powder is