Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning

When Louis was a child, he really liked the smell of the rose-scented perfume his mother used to wear. He came to associate that scent with snuggles and hugs from his mom. As an adult, Louis likes any floral scent, including the smell of lilacs and wildflowers. This example illustrates the classical conditioning process of

Stimulus discrimination occurs when an organism has learned a response to a specific stimulus and does NOT respond in the same way to new stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus.

The newest winning numbers in the state lottery are announced on the local television station every Saturday night, at the end of the news hour. People who are watching for the lottery numbers will have their "watching" reinforced on

____________________ reinforcement occurs when a response is strengthened because it is followed by the presentation of a desirable stimulus; while ____________________ reinforcement occurs when a response is strengthened as the result of the removal of an unpleasant stimulus.

Your teenage daughter has not cleaned her room in a month. You go in and begin yelling at her to clean her room. She begins to clean up, and you stop yelling. Your daughter's cleaning behaviour can be viewed as responding to

A small enclosure used by psychologists to study learning in which an animal can make a specific response that is recorded while the consequences are systematically controlled is known as a

The type of learning that occurs when an organism's responding is influenced by the observation of others who are called models is

Observational learning occurs when an organism's responding is influenced by the observation of others, who are called ____________________.

Resistance to extinction occurs when a previously extinguished response reappears after a period of non-exposure to the conditioned stimulus.

When a response is strengthened because it is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus it is called

The application of conditioning principles to solve behaviour problems is generally known as

A previously neutral stimulus, that through conditioning acquires the capacity to evoke a response, is

After watching his father wash the car, five-year-old Bob washes his bike. This is an example of

In classical conditioning, an unconditioned stimulus is

One Saturday, Clayton was sitting at home when the telephone rang. A local company was making promotional calls and told Clayton he had just won a R500 gift certificate. He felt a rush of excitement at the thought of what he could do with R500. Now Clayton finds that whenever he hears a telephone ring, he feels a little surge of excitement. In this example, the conditioned response is

The existence of biological constraints on learning such as preparedness and conditioned taste aversions reflects the unifying theme in psychology that

In classical conditioning the neutral stimulus becomes the ____________________ stimulus because of its association with the ____________________ stimulus.

When as a young child you first realised that you could use money to buy sweets and cooldrinks, money began to become an effective

In order to weaken or eliminate a conditioned response, you would present

Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to