Question 1

Which of the following brain regions contributes fibers to the corticospinal tract?

Accepted Answer

A) Somatic sensory cortex 
B) Supplemental motor area 
C) Primary motor cortex 
D) All of the above 
A) Somatic sensory cortex 
B) Supplemental motor area 
C) Primary motor cortex 
D) All of the above D

Question 2

-The figure above represents the response of a hair cell in the crista ampullaris of the semicircular canal to stimulation by rotation in a human subject. With the subject's eyes closed, the subjective sensation of rotation will be absent at which point(s)?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) A and C 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) A and C B

Question 3

Decerebrate rigidity caused by simultaneous contraction of both the agonist and antagonist muscles in a limb can be alleviated by which of the following maneuvers?

Accepted Answer

A) Turning the head sharply toward the limb 
B) Bending the head forward 
C) Stimulating the pontine reticular formation by lightly stroking the palms of the hand 
D) Cutting the dorsal roots associated with the affected limb 
A) Turning the head sharply toward the limb 
B) Bending the head forward 
C) Stimulating the pontine reticular formation by lightly stroking the palms of the hand 
D) Cutting the dorsal roots associated with the affected limb D

Question 4

Which of the following is paired correctly?

Accepted Answer

A) Gamma motor neuron and extrafusal muscle fiber 
B) Alpha motor neuron and intrafusal muscle fiber 
C) Betz cells and corticospinal tract 
D) Utricle and angular acceleration detection 
A) Gamma motor neuron and extrafusal muscle fiber 
B) Alpha motor neuron and intrafusal muscle fiber 
C) Betz cells and corticospinal tract 
D) Utricle and angular acceleration detection

Question 5

The rubrospinal tract originates from which area of the brain?

Accepted Answer

A) Magnocellular area of the red nucleus 
B) Superior olivary nucleus 
C) Pontine reticular formation 
D) Nucleus raphe magnus 
A) Magnocellular area of the red nucleus 
B) Superior olivary nucleus 
C) Pontine reticular formation 
D) Nucleus raphe magnus

Question 6

The stretch reflex is used clinically to assess which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Integrity of the corticospinal tract 
B) Function of the vestibulo-ocular reflex 
C) Level of activity of the gamma motor system 
D) Function of the vestibular system 
A) Integrity of the corticospinal tract 
B) Function of the vestibulo-ocular reflex 
C) Level of activity of the gamma motor system 
D) Function of the vestibular system

Question 7

In the right horizontal semicircular canal, rapid rotation of the head in the clockwise direction will cause the endolymph to move in which relative direction?

Accepted Answer

A) Clockwise 
B) Counterclockwise 
C) Upward 
D) Downward 
A) Clockwise 
B) Counterclockwise 
C) Upward 
D) Downward

Question 8

The phenomenon of decerebrate rigidity can be explained, at least in part, by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Stimulation of gamma motor neurons 
B) Loss of cerebellar inputs to the red nucleus 
C) Overactivity of medullary reticular nuclei involved in motor control 
A) Stimulation of gamma motor neurons 
B) Loss of cerebellar inputs to the red nucleus 
C) Overactivity of medullary reticular nuclei involved in motor control

Question 9

The maintenance of static equilibrium with the head in a near vertical position is achieved by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Cristae ampullaris 
B) Cupula 
C) Maculae 
D) Organ of Corti 
A) Cristae ampullaris 
B) Cupula 
C) Maculae 
D) Organ of Corti

Question 10

Linear acceleration is most likely to be transduced in which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A) Cristae ampullaris 
B) Cupula 
C) Maculae 
D) Organ of Corti 
A) Cristae ampullaris 
B) Cupula 
C) Maculae 
D) Organ of Corti

Question 11

Fine motor movement of the index finger can be elicited by stimulation of which of the following brain areas?

Accepted Answer

A) Primary motor cortex 
B) Lateral cerebellar hemisphere 
C) Premotor cortex 
D) Supplemental motor area 
A) Primary motor cortex 
B) Lateral cerebellar hemisphere 
C) Premotor cortex 
D) Supplemental motor area

Question 12

Which of the following structures in the vestibular apparatus is responsible for the detection of angular acceleration?

Accepted Answer

A) Statoconia 
B) Macula 
C) Semicircular canals 
D) Saccule 
A) Statoconia 
B) Macula 
C) Semicircular canals 
D) Saccule

Exam 56: Cortical and Brain Stem Control of Motor Function

Which of the following brain regions contributes fibers to the corticospinal tract?

-The figure above represents the response of a hair cell in the crista ampullaris of the semicircular canal to stimulation by rotation in a human subject. With the subject's eyes closed, the subjective sensation of rotation will be absent at which point(s)?

Decerebrate rigidity caused by simultaneous contraction of both the agonist and antagonist muscles in a limb can be alleviated by which of the following maneuvers?

Which of the following is paired correctly?

The rubrospinal tract originates from which area of the brain?

The stretch reflex is used clinically to assess which of the following?

In the right horizontal semicircular canal, rapid rotation of the head in the clockwise direction will cause the endolymph to move in which relative direction?

The phenomenon of decerebrate rigidity can be explained, at least in part, by which of the following?

The maintenance of static equilibrium with the head in a near vertical position is achieved by which of the following?

Linear acceleration is most likely to be transduced in which of the following structures?

Fine motor movement of the index finger can be elicited by stimulation of which of the following brain areas?

Which of the following structures in the vestibular apparatus is responsible for the detection of angular acceleration?

Functional Organization of the Human Body and Control of the Internal Environment

The Cell and Its Functions

Genetic Control of Protein Synthesis, Cell Function, and Cell Reproduction

Transport of Substances Through Cell Membranes

Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials

Contraction of Skeletal Muscle

Excitation of Skeletal Muscle: Neuromuscular Transmission and Excitation-Contraction Coupling

Excitation and Contraction of Smooth Muscle

Cardiac Muscle; the Heart As a Pump and Function of the Heart Valves

Rhythmical Excitation of the Heart

The Normal Electrocardiogram

Electrocardiographic Interpretation of Cardiac Muscle and Coronary Blood Flow Abnormalities: Vectorial Analysis

Cardiac Arrhythmias and Their Electrocardiographic Interpretation

Overview of the Circulation; Biophysics of Pressure, Flow, and Resistance

Vascular Distensibility and Functions of the Arterial and Venous Systems

The Microcirculation and Lymphatic System: Capillary Fluid Exchange, Interstitial Fluid, and Lymph Flow

Local and Humoral Control of Tissue Blood Flow

Nervous Regulation of the Circulation and Rapid Control of Arterial Pressure

Role of the Kidneys in Long-Term Control of Arterial Pressure and in Hypertension: the Integrated System for Arterial Pressure Regulation

Cardiac Output, Venous Return, and Their Regulation

Muscle Blood Flow and Cardiac Output During Exercise; the Coronary Circulation and Ischemic Heart Disease

Cardiac Failure

Heart Valves and Heart Sounds; Valvular and Congenital Heart Defects

Circulatory Shock and Its Treatment

The Body Fluid Compartments: Extracellular and Intracellular Fluids; Edema

Red Blood Cells, Anemia, and Polycythemia

Resistance of the Body to Infection: I Leukocytes, Granulocytes, the Monocyte-Macrophage System, and Inflammation

Resistance of the Body to Infection: Ii Immunity and Allergy

Blood Types; Transfusion; Tissue and Organ Transplantation

Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation

Pulmonary Ventilation

Pulmonary Circulation, Pulmonary Edema, Pleural Fluid

Physical Principles of Gas Exchange; Diffusion of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Through the Respiratory Membrane

Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Blood and Tissue Fluids

Regulation of Respiration

Respiratory Insufficiencypathophysiology, Diagnosis, Oxygen Therapy

Aviation, High Altitude, and Space Physiology

Physiology of Deep-Sea Diving and Other Hyperbaric Conditions

Organization of the Nervous System, Basic Functions of Synapses, and Neurotransmitters

Sensory Receptors, Neuronal Circuits for Processing Information

Somatic Sensations: I General Organization, the Tactile and Position Senses

Somatic Sensations: II Pain, Headache, and Thermal Sensations

The Eye: I Optics of Vision

The Eye: II Receptor and Neural Function of the Retina

The Eye: III Central Neurophysiology of Vision

The Sense of Hearing

The Chemical Sensestaste and Smell

Motor Functions of the Spinal Cord; the Cord Reflexes

Contributions of the Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia to Overall Motor Control

Cerebral Cortex, Intellectual Functions of the Brain, Learning, and Memory

Behavioral and Motivational Mechanisms of the Brainthe Limbic System and the Hypothalamus

States of Brain Activitysleep, Brain Waves, Epilepsy, Psychoses, and Dementia

The Autonomic Nervous System and the Adrenal Medulla

Cerebral Blood Flow, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Brain Metabolism

General Principles of Gastrointestinal Functionmotility, Nervous Control, and Blood Circulation

Propulsion and Mixing of Food in the Alimentary Tract

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