Exam 1: The Science of Psychology

Which perspective best explains the bystander effect whereby individuals will be less likely to help someone in need because of the presence of others close by?

Testing a hypothesis is the third step in a scientific investigation. This step is derived from which goal of psychology?

What did Sigmund Freud consider to be the key to understanding the nervous disorders he observed?

In an experiment, a researcher manipulates one variable to see how it affects a second variable. The manipulated variable is called the __________ variable.

The tendency to look for information that supports one's own belief is called __________.

Which of the following statements concerning using animals in research is correct?

John Watson was the founder of the school of thought that became known as __________.

Darley and Latané (1968) theorized that the presence of other people in a distressing situation decreased the likelihood that someone would receive help due to __________.

What is meant by the "direction of the relationship" in a correlation coefficient?

Using both independent and dependent variables is associated with which of the following types of research used in psychology?

How did Pavlov and Watson's focus on scientific inquiry of behaviors differ from the earlier viewpoints of structuralists, psychoanalysts, and functionalists?

Freud believed that many unconscious desires are __________.

John B. Watson believed that psychology should involve the study of __________.

What is cognitive neuroscience?

Observing behavior as it happens in real-life natural settings without imposing laboratory controls is known as the __________.

A common ethical guideline suggested by the American Psychological Association is that participants __________.

On a popular podcast, an actor describes the symptoms of anxiety he has been experiencing. He reports that the severity of the symptoms has decreased since he has been taking a drug prescribed by his therapist back in Hollywood. You conclude that the actor's therapist is probably a __________.

After more than a year in Iranian prisons, 52 American hostages were released by Iran's revolutionary government and allowed to return to the United States. Of the following professionals, __________ psychologists would probably have the LEAST professional interest in that event.

A correlation coefficient shows that smoking and life expectancy are indeed related. As a result, a researcher could predict that __________ if the direction of the relationship is known.

Ramesh went to McDonald's to observe people eating in fast-food restaurants. He brought a camera crew and bright lights, and they all wore yellow jump suits. Ramesh said he wanted to do a naturalistic observation but may have had some problems because of __________.