Exam 1: The Science of Psychology

How did Ivan Pavlov discover the process of conditioning when working with dogs?

The question "How can it be changed?" refers to which of the following goals in psychology?

Dr. Archer wanted to see if people are more prone to seek the company of others when anxious than when calm. He randomly assigned half of his subjects to an anxiety group and then told them that, as part of the study, they would receive electric shocks. He did not frighten the other group of subjects. Finally, he recorded how many subjects in each group chose to be "tested" in a group setting and how many chose to be "tested" alone. In this study, the group that was NOT frightened would be called the __________ group.

In an experiment to examine the effects of sleep deprivation on completion of a puzzle, one group is allowed to sleep 8 hours while another group is made to stay awake. In this experiment, the control group is __________.

__________ is an experiment in which neither the participants nor the individuals running the experiment know if participants are in the experimental or the control group until after the results are tallied.

A correlation coefficient represents two things: __________ and __________.

The question "When will it happen again?" refers to which of the following goals in psychology?

Dr. Fitzgerald, a psychologist, is interested in finding out why identical twins have different personalities. She is most interested in the goal of __________.

You attend a lecture by a psychologist who uses terms such as free will and self-actualization. Which psychological perspective is most consistent with the points the psychologist presented?

The CEO of a large automobile company says the cars the company makes are safe despite the fact that they lead the country in accidents due to faulty equipment. This discrepancy highlights which of the following critical thinking principles?

Why was the perspective followed by Wilhelm Wundt and his followers called structuralism?

The question "What is happening?" refers to which of the following goals in psychology?

In a __________ study, the participants do not know if they are part of the control group or the experimental group. Only the experimenter knows who is in each group.

Which of the following is associated with Gestalt psychology?

Cognitive neuroscience includes the use of tools such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET).

Critical thinking means making judgments based on __________.

A person who has suffered a major stroke and is now experiencing severe personality problems because of the damage would BEST be advised to see a __________.

A "fake treatment" is one way to define a __________.

Behaviorist J. B. Watson objected to early theories of psychology because of their focus on __________.

A correlation tells us __________.