Exam 5: Learning

Willow doesn't like her psychology class because the instructor uses unannounced pop exams to test the class. As a result, she never knows when she will be tested. Willow's instructor is testing her on a __________ schedule.

An example of a discriminative stimulus is __________.

In the classic study of fear conditioning in a human infant (the "Albert" experiment), what was the CS?

Positive reinforcers __________.

The current view of why classical conditioning works the way it does, advanced by Rescorla and others, adds the concept of __________ to conditioning theory.

You need to remove a broken light bulb from a lamp. Without a pair of gloves, you are likely to cut yourself on the jagged glass. Suddenly, it occurs to you that you can use a cut potato to remove the light bulb from the socket. You have just demonstrated __________.

An expert on parenting is addressing parents at the local grade school. When the topic of punishment is discussed, what is one outcome of punishment the expert is likely to note for the parents to consider?

Give an example of an unconditioned response.

Any event whose presence decreases the likelihood that ongoing behavior will recur is __________.

A psychologist is conducting a study on learning that seeks to explain the inner needs and desires that made learners pursue their goals. She is interested in the inner processes that result in learning. She is studying __________.

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

Secondary reinforcers differ from primary reinforcers in that secondary reinforcers __________.

What are the four factors that Bandura finds necessary for observational learning?

Kiara just told her family a really funny joke that she made up herself. In order to use a primary reinforcer to encourage her to keep telling jokes, Kiara's dad might __________.

Classical conditioning was discovered by __________.

Pavlov placed food in the mouths of the dogs, and they began to salivate. Pavlov's student noticed that after a few days the dogs began to salivate at the sound of the student's footsteps. The salivation to the sound of the footsteps was a __________.

Eli owned a small repair shop. Each day, he would check the mail to see if any of his customers mailed in a payment for the work he had done for them. Some days, he would receive a check or two. At other times, he would have to wait days before getting another payment. What schedule of reinforcement is evident here?

The person MOST closely associated with the law of effect is __________.

If one presented the conditioned stimulus (such as a metronome) after the presentation of the unconditioned stimulus (the food) in Pavlov's learning experiment, little or no classical conditioning would occur.

Which of the following is an example of the use of extinction with operant conditioning?