Exam 1: The Science of Psychology

Which of the following advice might John B. Watson have offered to psychologists of his time?

The psychological school that asks, "What are mental processes for?" rather than "What are mental processes?" is __________.

If explanation of the causes of thoughts, feelings, and behavior is a psychologist's goal, which method of research should be used?

The first psychology laboratory was opened by __________.

Scientific psychology is formally recognized to have begun __________.

Malik has a master's degree and is interested in working on the causes of poverty. What type of professional is Malik most likely to become?

Compare and contrast two early perspectives of psychology. Be sure to include comparisons of founders, methods, and philosophies.

Suppose you were a graduate student studying for a Ph.D. in psychology in the 1920s. Your advisor was strongly influenced by John B. Watson. Which of the following might your advisor consider an acceptable choice for your research?

Which founding contributors to psychology helped develop behaviorism?

Which perspective focuses on free will and self-actualization?

Dr. Smith has individuals cycle on stationary bikes for 0, 10, 20, or 30 minutes, after which he measures their self-reported mood. In this hypothetical study, the dependent variable is the __________.

Observing behavior as it happens in real-life natural settings without imposing laboratory controls is known as the __________.

The majority of psychologists are self-employed or work for private, not-for-profit agencies.

Pick a goal of psychology and provide a clear example of how it works.

In a laboratory, smokers are asked to "drive" using a computerized driving simulator equipped with a stick shift and a gas pedal. The object is to maximize the distance covered by driving as fast as possible on a winding road while avoiding rear-end collisions. Some of the participants smoke a real cigarette immediately before climbing into the driver's seat. Others smoke a fake cigarette without nicotine. You are interested in comparing how many collisions the two groups have. In this study, the participants who smoke a cigarette without nicotine make up the __________.

Which of the following is CORRECT concerning random assignment?

Dr. Simmons tests the hypothesis that students who study in the room where they take their tests will perform better on the tests than students who study in other rooms. She requires one group to study in the classroom where the exam is given and another group to study in the library. All students take the test in the classroom, and their test performance is compared. In this example, where students study is the __________.

Describe a method used in one of the early schools of psychology.

A weakness of __________ is that subjects participating in the research often report, consciously and unconsciously, inaccurate information.

By general agreement, psychology was born in __________.