Question 1

When firms in a purely competitive industry are earning profits that are greater than normal, the supply of the product will tend to decrease in the long run.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The graphs are for a purely competitive market in the short run. The graphs suggest that in the long run, assuming no changes in the given information,

Accepted Answer

A) some firms will exit from this industry. 
B) more buyers will come to the market. 
C) new firms will be attracted into the industry. 
D) buyers will leave the industry. 
A) some firms will exit from this industry. 
B) more buyers will come to the market. 
C) new firms will be attracted into the industry. 
D) buyers will leave the industry.

Question 3

Refer to the diagrams, which pertain to a purely competitive firm producing output q and the industry in which it operates. Which of the following is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) The diagrams portray neither long-run nor short-run equilibrium. 
B) The diagrams portray both long-run and short-run equilibrium. 
C) The diagrams portray short-run equilibrium but not long-run equilibrium. 
D) The diagrams portray long-run equilibrium but not short-run equilibrium. 
A) The diagrams portray neither long-run nor short-run equilibrium. 
B) The diagrams portray both long-run and short-run equilibrium. 
C) The diagrams portray short-run equilibrium but not long-run equilibrium. 
D) The diagrams portray long-run equilibrium but not short-run equilibrium.

Question 4

Line (2)in the diagram reflects a situation where resource prices

Accepted Answer

A) decline as industry output expands. 
B) increase as industry output expands. 
C) rise and then decline as industry output expands. 
D) remain constant as industry output expands. 
A) decline as industry output expands. 
B) increase as industry output expands. 
C) rise and then decline as industry output expands. 
D) remain constant as industry output expands.

Question 5

Suppose that an industry's long-run supply curve is downsloping. This suggests that

Accepted Answer

A) it is an increasing-cost industry. 
B) relevant inputs have become more expensive as the industry has expanded. 
C) technology has become less efficient as a result of the industry's expansion. 
D) it is a decreasing-cost industry. 
A) it is an increasing-cost industry. 
B) relevant inputs have become more expensive as the industry has expanded. 
C) technology has become less efficient as a result of the industry's expansion. 
D) it is a decreasing-cost industry.

Question 6

The accompanying graph represents the purely competitive market for a product. When the market is at equilibrium, the total opportunity cost of producing the equilibrium output level would be represented by the area

Accepted Answer

A) b + c. 
B) b. 
C) c. 
D) a + b + c. 
A) b + c. 
B) b. 
C) c. 
D) a + b + c.

Question 7

Suppose an increase in product demand occurs in a decreasing-cost industry. As a result,

Accepted Answer

A) the new long-run equilibrium price will be lower than the original long-run equilibrium price. 
B) equilibrium quantity will decline. 
C) firms will eventually leave the industry. 
D) the new long-run equilibrium price will be higher than the original price. 
A) the new long-run equilibrium price will be lower than the original long-run equilibrium price. 
B) equilibrium quantity will decline. 
C) firms will eventually leave the industry. 
D) the new long-run equilibrium price will be higher than the original price.

Question 8

Purely competitive industry X has decreasing costs and its product is an inferior good. The industry is currently in long-run equilibrium. The economy now goes into a recession and average incomes decline. The result will be

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in output and in the price of the product. 
B) an increase in output, but not in the price of the product. 
C) a decrease in the output, but not in the price of the product. 
D) a decrease in output and in the price of the product. 
A) an increase in output and in the price of the product. 
B) an increase in output, but not in the price of the product. 
C) a decrease in the output, but not in the price of the product. 
D) a decrease in output and in the price of the product.

Question 9

In the diagram, at output level Q1,

Accepted Answer

A) neither productive nor allocative efficiency is achieved. 
B) both productive and allocative efficiency are achieved. 
C) allocative efficiency is achieved, but productive efficiency is not. 
D) productive efficiency is achieved, but allocative efficiency is not. 
A) neither productive nor allocative efficiency is achieved. 
B) both productive and allocative efficiency are achieved. 
C) allocative efficiency is achieved, but productive efficiency is not. 
D) productive efficiency is achieved, but allocative efficiency is not.

Question 10

The long-run supply curve would be upward sloping if

Accepted Answer

A) resource prices fall as industry production contracts. 
B) resource prices rise as industry production contracts. 
C) resource prices are not affected by changes in industry output-level. 
D) resource prices are set by the government. 
A) resource prices fall as industry production contracts. 
B) resource prices rise as industry production contracts. 
C) resource prices are not affected by changes in industry output-level. 
D) resource prices are set by the government.

Question 11

Balin's Burger Barn operates in a perfectly competitive market. Balin's is currently earning economic profits of $20,000 per year. Based on this information, we can conclude that

Accepted Answer

A) Balin's profits will discourage new firms from entering. 
B) Balin's will increase its market price over the coming months. 
C) Balin's is operating in the short run, but not the long run. 
D) Balin's is operating in the long run. 
A) Balin's profits will discourage new firms from entering. 
B) Balin's will increase its market price over the coming months. 
C) Balin's is operating in the short run, but not the long run. 
D) Balin's is operating in the long run.

Question 12

Assume a purely competitive firm is maximizing profit at some output at which long-run average total cost is at a minimum. Then

Accepted Answer

A) the firm is earning an economic profit. 
B) there is no tendency for the firm's industry to expand or contract. 
C) allocative but not productive efficiency is being achieved. 
D) other firms will enter this industry. 
A) the firm is earning an economic profit. 
B) there is no tendency for the firm's industry to expand or contract. 
C) allocative but not productive efficiency is being achieved. 
D) other firms will enter this industry.

Question 13

The term allocative efficiency refers to

Accepted Answer

A) the level of output that coincides with the intersection of the MC and AVC curves. 
B) minimization of the AFC in the production of any good. 
C) the production of the product mix most desired by consumers. 
D) the production of a good at the lowest average total cost. 
A) the level of output that coincides with the intersection of the MC and AVC curves. 
B) minimization of the AFC in the production of any good. 
C) the production of the product mix most desired by consumers. 
D) the production of a good at the lowest average total cost.

Question 14

Much of Elon Musk's innovation success can be attributed to

Accepted Answer

A) ownership of patents that prevent rivals from competing in the relevant markets. 
B) a systems engineering approach that finds more cost efficient ways to produce desired goods and services. 
C) exclusive government contracts. 
D) making small adjustments to already popular products. 
A) ownership of patents that prevent rivals from competing in the relevant markets. 
B) a systems engineering approach that finds more cost efficient ways to produce desired goods and services. 
C) exclusive government contracts. 
D) making small adjustments to already popular products.

Question 15

The industry represented by the accompanying graph must be one where

Accepted Answer

A) resource prices rise when the industry contracts. 
B) resource prices fall when the industry expands. 
C) resource prices fall when the industry contracts. 
D) resource prices are unaffected by the industry's expansion. 
A) resource prices rise when the industry contracts. 
B) resource prices fall when the industry expands. 
C) resource prices fall when the industry contracts. 
D) resource prices are unaffected by the industry's expansion.

Question 16

If a purely competitive firm is producing at the MR = MC output level and earning an economic profit, then

Accepted Answer

A) the selling price for this firm is above the market equilibrium price. 
B) new firms will enter this market. 
C) some existing firms in this market will leave. 
D) there must be price fixing by the industry's firms. 
A) the selling price for this firm is above the market equilibrium price. 
B) new firms will enter this market. 
C) some existing firms in this market will leave. 
D) there must be price fixing by the industry's firms.

Question 17

When a purely competitive firm is in long-run equilibrium, price is equal to

Accepted Answer

A) marginal cost but may be greater or less than average cost. 
B) minimum average total cost and also to marginal cost. 
C) minimum average cost but may be greater or less than marginal cost. 
D) marginal revenue but may be greater or less than both average and marginal cost. 
A) marginal cost but may be greater or less than average cost. 
B) minimum average total cost and also to marginal cost. 
C) minimum average cost but may be greater or less than marginal cost. 
D) marginal revenue but may be greater or less than both average and marginal cost.

Question 18

Which of the following would not be expected to occur in a purely competitive market in long-run equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A) Consumer and producer surplus will be minimized. 
B) P = MC = lowest ATC. 
C) The maximum willingness to pay for the last unit equals the minimum acceptable price for that unit. 
D) We would expect all of these to occur in the long run in a purely competitive market. 
A) Consumer and producer surplus will be minimized. 
B) P = MC = lowest ATC. 
C) The maximum willingness to pay for the last unit equals the minimum acceptable price for that unit. 
D) We would expect all of these to occur in the long run in a purely competitive market.

Question 19

Assume that society places a higher value on the last unit of X produced than the value of the resources used to produce that unit. With no spillovers, this information means that

Accepted Answer

A) total cost is greater than total revenue. 
B) price is greater than marginal cost. 
C) marginal cost is greater than price. 
D) resources are being overallocated to X. 
A) total cost is greater than total revenue. 
B) price is greater than marginal cost. 
C) marginal cost is greater than price. 
D) resources are being overallocated to X.

Question 20

All of the following statements apply to a purely competitive market in the long run, except

Accepted Answer

A) in the long run, all inputs are variable in quantity. 
B) firms can expand their plant capacities in the long run. 
C) total fixed costs remain constant even when output expands in the long run. 
D) firms may enter or leave the industry in the long run. 
A) in the long run, all inputs are variable in quantity. 
B) firms can expand their plant capacities in the long run. 
C) total fixed costs remain constant even when output expands in the long run. 
D) firms may enter or leave the industry in the long run.

Exam 11: Pure Competition in the Long Run

When firms in a purely competitive industry are earning profits that are greater than normal, the supply of the product will tend to decrease in the long run.

The graphs are for a purely competitive market in the short run. The graphs suggest that in the long run, assuming no changes in the given information,

Refer to the diagrams, which pertain to a purely competitive firm producing output q and the industry in which it operates. Which of the following is correct?

Line (2)in the diagram reflects a situation where resource prices

Suppose that an industry's long-run supply curve is downsloping. This suggests that

The accompanying graph represents the purely competitive market for a product. When the market is at equilibrium, the total opportunity cost of producing the equilibrium output level would be represented by the area

Suppose an increase in product demand occurs in a decreasing-cost industry. As a result,

Purely competitive industry X has decreasing costs and its product is an inferior good. The industry is currently in long-run equilibrium. The economy now goes into a recession and average incomes decline. The result will be

In the diagram, at output level Q1,

The long-run supply curve would be upward sloping if

Balin's Burger Barn operates in a perfectly competitive market. Balin's is currently earning economic profits of $20,000 per year. Based on this information, we can conclude that

Assume a purely competitive firm is maximizing profit at some output at which long-run average total cost is at a minimum. Then

The term allocative efficiency refers to

Much of Elon Musk's innovation success can be attributed to

The industry represented by the accompanying graph must be one where

If a purely competitive firm is producing at the MR = MC output level and earning an economic profit, then

When a purely competitive firm is in long-run equilibrium, price is equal to

Which of the following would not be expected to occur in a purely competitive market in long-run equilibrium?

Assume that society places a higher value on the last unit of X produced than the value of the resources used to produce that unit. With no spillovers, this information means that

All of the following statements apply to a purely competitive market in the long run, except

Limits, Alternatives, and Choices

The Market System and the Circular Flow

Demand, Supply, and Market Equilibrium

Market Failures Caused by Externalities Asymmetric Information

Public Goods, Public Choice, and Government Failure

Elasticity

Utility Maximization

Behavioral Economics

Businesses and the Costs of Production

Pure Competition in the Short Run

Pure Monopoly

Monopolistic Competition

Oligopoly and Strategic Behavior

Technology, RD, and Efficiency

The Demand for Resources

Wage Determination

Rent, Interest, and Profit

Natural Resource and Energy Economics

Public Finance: Expenditures and Taxes

Antitrust Policy and Regulation

Agriculture: Economics and Policy

Income Inequality, Poverty, and Discrimination

Health Care

Immigration

International Trade

The Balance of Payments, Exchange Rates, and Trade Deficits

The Economics of Developing Countries

Filters

In the diagram, at output level Q₁,