Question 1

How do the cells in the Islet of Langerhans help to control blood sugar levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  lowering blood glucose levels 
B)  producing somatostatin 
C)  producing and releasing insulin 
D)  increasing blood glucose 
A)  lowering blood glucose levels 
B)  producing somatostatin 
C)  producing and releasing insulin 
D)  increasing blood glucose D

Question 2

Which of the following areas is the most common location for a diabetic ulcer?

Accepted Answer

A)  plantar surface of the metatarsal head 
B)  dorsal surface of the metatarsals 
C)  lateral malleolus 
D)  medial malleolus 
A)  plantar surface of the metatarsal head 
B)  dorsal surface of the metatarsals 
C)  lateral malleolus 
D)  medial malleolus C

Question 3

Calcitonin,secreted by the thyroid hormone,affects what structures in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  muscles 
B)  visceral organs 
C)  bones 
D)  kidneys 
A)  muscles 
B)  visceral organs 
C)  bones 
D)  kidneys C

Question 4

What is a common orthopedic finding for individuals diagnosed with acromegaly?

Accepted Answer

A)  widening of joint spaces 
B)  thinning of the cartilage 
C)  carpal tunnel syndrome 
D)  thoracic/lumbar pain 
A)  widening of joint spaces 
B)  thinning of the cartilage 
C)  carpal tunnel syndrome 
D)  thoracic/lumbar pain

Question 5

Which of the following is true regarding rehabilitation of a patient after parathyroidectomy?

Accepted Answer

A)  The patient should lie with the head down and feet elevated. 
B)  Upper extremity exercise should begin immediately. 
C)  Early ambulation is essential. 
D)  Light weight resistive exercise is contraindicated. 
A)  The patient should lie with the head down and feet elevated. 
B)  Upper extremity exercise should begin immediately. 
C)  Early ambulation is essential. 
D)  Light weight resistive exercise is contraindicated.

Question 6

Which of the following is correct advice for a patient with type II diabetes undergoing an exercise program?

Accepted Answer

A)  Exercise is a valuable treatment modality for type II diabetes. 
B)  Hypoglycemia is a common problem for the individual with type II diabetes initiating an exercise program. 
C)  Exercise can be initiated if blood glucose levels are 60 mg/dL or less. 
D)  It is advisable to begin vigorous exercise 1 hour before attempting to sleep at night. 
A)  Exercise is a valuable treatment modality for type II diabetes. 
B)  Hypoglycemia is a common problem for the individual with type II diabetes initiating an exercise program. 
C)  Exercise can be initiated if blood glucose levels are 60 mg/dL or less. 
D)  It is advisable to begin vigorous exercise 1 hour before attempting to sleep at night.

Question 7

Which of the following will occur with adhesive capsulitis associated with diabetes?

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of external rotation and abduction 
B)  equal limitation in external rotation and internal rotation 
C)  limitation in hyperextension and internal rotation mostly 
D)  limitation in flexion and abduction only 
A)  loss of external rotation and abduction 
B)  equal limitation in external rotation and internal rotation 
C)  limitation in hyperextension and internal rotation mostly 
D)  limitation in flexion and abduction only

Question 8

Which of the following is associated with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)and endocrine disorders?

Accepted Answer

A)  unilateral symptoms 
B)  thinning of the transverse carpal ligament 
C)  vitamin B₆ deficiency 
D)  diabetes 
A)  unilateral symptoms 
B)  thinning of the transverse carpal ligament 
C)  vitamin B₆ deficiency 
D)  diabetes

Question 9

Which of the following is a normal response to aging by the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood supply is increased to the pituitary gland. 
B)  The thyroid gland becomes larger. 
C)  The adrenal glands will have more fibrous tissue. 
D)  The thyroid gland becomes more elevated. 
A)  Blood supply is increased to the pituitary gland. 
B)  The thyroid gland becomes larger. 
C)  The adrenal glands will have more fibrous tissue. 
D)  The thyroid gland becomes more elevated.

Question 10

Which of the following is a symptom of hypothyroidism?

Accepted Answer

A)  cool dry skin 
B)  increased deep tendon reflexes 
C)  nervousness 
D)  increased pulse rate 
A)  cool dry skin 
B)  increased deep tendon reflexes 
C)  nervousness 
D)  increased pulse rate

Question 11

Which of the following is not a normal complication if an individual has type I diabetes?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased use of glucose by the body 
B)  increased fat mobilization 
C)  nerve tissue disorders 
D)  impaired protein use 
A)  decreased use of glucose by the body 
B)  increased fat mobilization 
C)  nerve tissue disorders 
D)  impaired protein use

Question 12

Release of epinephrine into the blood stream has what effect on the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  dilates peripheral blood vessels 
B)  catabolizes fats 
C)  causes hypotension 
D)  decreases blood glucose levels 
A)  dilates peripheral blood vessels 
B)  catabolizes fats 
C)  causes hypotension 
D)  decreases blood glucose levels

Question 13

What are the three primary hormones released by the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

A)  calcitonin, epinephrine, norepinephrine 
B)  thyroxine, triiodothyronine, epinephrine 
C)  thyroxine, triiodothyronine, calcitonin 
D)  calcitonin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroxine 
A)  calcitonin, epinephrine, norepinephrine 
B)  thyroxine, triiodothyronine, epinephrine 
C)  thyroxine, triiodothyronine, calcitonin 
D)  calcitonin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroxine

Question 14

Which of the following is the typical presentation of type I diabetes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Onset of the disease is gradual. 
B)  It occurs mostly in obese individuals. 
C)  Insulin production is above normal. 
D)  It occurs mostly in individuals under 20 years of age. 
A)  Onset of the disease is gradual. 
B)  It occurs mostly in obese individuals. 
C)  Insulin production is above normal. 
D)  It occurs mostly in individuals under 20 years of age.

Question 15

Which of the following is characteristic of an episode of hypoglycemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  gradual onset over several days 
B)  abdominal pain with nausea 
C)  deep rapid breaths 
D)  confusion with blurred vision 
A)  gradual onset over several days 
B)  abdominal pain with nausea 
C)  deep rapid breaths 
D)  confusion with blurred vision

Question 16

A deficiency of aldosterone will cause ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased calcium excretion 
B)  orthostatic hypotension 
C)  decreased cardiac output based on the rational this is also correct 
D)  hyperglycemia 
A)  decreased calcium excretion 
B)  orthostatic hypotension 
C)  decreased cardiac output based on the rational this is also correct 
D)  hyperglycemia

Question 17

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxytocin 
B)  antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
C)  aldosterone 
D)  human growth hormone (HGH) 
A)  oxytocin 
B)  antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
C)  aldosterone 
D)  human growth hormone (HGH)

Question 18

Parathyroid hormone _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases the release of calcium and phosphate from bone 
B)  increases the rate of absorption of calcium by the kidneys 
C)  decreases calcium absorption in the GI tract 
D)  promotes absorption of phosphate by the kidneys 
A)  decreases the release of calcium and phosphate from bone 
B)  increases the rate of absorption of calcium by the kidneys 
C)  decreases calcium absorption in the GI tract 
D)  promotes absorption of phosphate by the kidneys

Question 19

Hyperparathyroidism results in which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  hypercalcemia 
B)  hypocalcemia 
C)  hypernatremia 
D)  hyponatremia 
A)  hypercalcemia 
B)  hypocalcemia 
C)  hypernatremia 
D)  hyponatremia

Question 20

An individual with hyperthyroidism is beginning outpatient physical therapy.What would you expect to observe clinically in this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  fatigue 
B)  a heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute 
C)  proximal muscle spasticity 
D)  normal or enhanced cardiac output during exercise 
A)  fatigue 
B)  a heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute 
C)  proximal muscle spasticity 
D)  normal or enhanced cardiac output during exercise

Exam 8: The Endocrine and Metabolic Systems

How do the cells in the Islet of Langerhans help to control blood sugar levels?

Which of the following areas is the most common location for a diabetic ulcer?

Calcitonin,secreted by the thyroid hormone,affects what structures in the body?

What is a common orthopedic finding for individuals diagnosed with acromegaly?

Which of the following is true regarding rehabilitation of a patient after parathyroidectomy?

Which of the following is correct advice for a patient with type II diabetes undergoing an exercise program?

Which of the following will occur with adhesive capsulitis associated with diabetes?

Which of the following is associated with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)and endocrine disorders?

Which of the following is a normal response to aging by the endocrine system?

Which of the following is a symptom of hypothyroidism?

Which of the following is not a normal complication if an individual has type I diabetes?

Release of epinephrine into the blood stream has what effect on the body?

What are the three primary hormones released by the thyroid gland?

Which of the following is the typical presentation of type I diabetes?

Which of the following is characteristic of an episode of hypoglycemia?

A deficiency of aldosterone will cause ____________.

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

Parathyroid hormone _____________.

Hyperparathyroidism results in which of the following conditions?

An individual with hyperthyroidism is beginning outpatient physical therapy.What would you expect to observe clinically in this patient?

Introduction to Concepts of Pathology

Problems Affecting Multiple Systems

Injury, Inflammation, and Healing

The Immune System

Infectious Disease

Oncology

The Integumentary System

The Cardiovascular System

The Hematologic System

The Respiratory System

The Hepatic, Pancreatic, and Biliary Systems

Introduction to Pathology of the Musculoskeletal System

Genetic and Developmental Disorders

Infectious Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System

Musculoskeletal Neoplasms

Bone, Joint, and Soft Tissue Diseases and Disorders

Introduction to Central Nervous System Disorders

Infectious Disorders of the Central Nervous System

Degenerative Diseases of the Central Nervous System

Stroke

Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

Cerebral Palsy

The Peripheral Nervous System

Behavioral, Social, and Environmental Factors Contributing to Disease and Dysfunction

The Psychosocial-Spiritual Impact on Health Care

Environmental and Occupational Medicine

The Gastrointestinal System

The Renal and Urologic Systems

Central Nervous System Neoplasms

Epilepsy

Headache

The Male Genital or Reproductive System

The Female Genital or Reproductive System

Vestibular Disorders

Laboratory Tests and Values

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