Question 1

Briefly describe Piaget's sensorimotor stage.

Accepted Answer

The sensorimotor stage refers

Question 2

Simulated learning environments (microworlds) provide students with opportunities to solve problems in a form and setting that they have not likely encountered before. According to Piaget, these students will most likely experience which one of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive development through adaptation 
B)  cognitive conflict and disequilibration 
C)  cognitive organization through accommodation 
D)  cognitive reorganization through assimilation 
A)  cognitive development through adaptation 
B)  cognitive conflict and disequilibration 
C)  cognitive organization through accommodation 
D)  cognitive reorganization through assimilation

Question 3

Which of the following best describes Piaget's concept of a scheme?

Accepted Answer

A)  A plan of action. 
B)  Failure to reflect on the perspective of others. 
C)  An organized pattern of behavior or thought. 
D)  The tendency to adjust to one's environment. 
A)  A plan of action. 
B)  Failure to reflect on the perspective of others. 
C)  An organized pattern of behavior or thought. 
D)  The tendency to adjust to one's environment.

Question 4

Note whether Piaget believed that cognitive development was more strongly influenced by peers or adults and explain why.

Accepted Answer

Piaget believed that cognitive developme

Question 5

Erikson's theory holds that adolescents create an identity for themselves by actively exploring alternative beliefs, career options, and interpersonal relationships, and then making a choice. This contention appears to be

Accepted Answer

A)  an accurate description of identity formation in certain societies. 
B)  an accurate description of identity formation in virtually all societies. 
C)  accurate only for the career option part of identity formation. 
D)  basically inaccurate. 
A)  an accurate description of identity formation in certain societies. 
B)  an accurate description of identity formation in virtually all societies. 
C)  accurate only for the career option part of identity formation. 
D)  basically inaccurate.

Question 6

Piaget would probably view the development of a system of classification of animals and plants as evidence of our need to

Accepted Answer

A)  view the parts of any whole in some kind of hierarchy. 
B)  adjust to our environment in an effort to maintain equilibrium. 
C)  organize the elements of our world into some kind of interrelated system. 
D)  change existing schemes in order to incorporate new experiences. 
A)  view the parts of any whole in some kind of hierarchy. 
B)  adjust to our environment in an effort to maintain equilibrium. 
C)  organize the elements of our world into some kind of interrelated system. 
D)  change existing schemes in order to incorporate new experiences.

Question 7

Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development suggests that teachers should emphasize

Accepted Answer

A)  the acquisition of scientific concepts. 
B)  the acquisition of basic skills and facts. 
C)  cooperative learning among peers of similar ability. 
D)  discovery learning techniques. 
A)  the acquisition of scientific concepts. 
B)  the acquisition of basic skills and facts. 
C)  cooperative learning among peers of similar ability. 
D)  discovery learning techniques.

Question 8

Summarize the criticisms that have been made of Kohlberg's theory of moral development in terms of (a) accelerating development, (b) the use of moral dilemmas to assess stages of moral development, (c) the types of issues that Kohlberg was interested in, and (d) the role of characteristics other than moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Research on moral education programs has

Question 9

Do males and females use different orientations for resolving moral dilemmas? If you believe they do, describe them and estimate the size of the difference.

Accepted Answer

Males and females use both a caring/help

Question 10

What do most research studies indicate about the number of adolescents who are formal operational thinkers?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests th

Question 11

Provide a brief explanation of what Piaget means by accommodation.

Accepted Answer

Accommodation refers to the te

Question 12

Explain Erikson's belief that personality development is based on the epigenetic principle.

Accepted Answer

Erikson believes that human de

Question 13

Sarah, though she prefers dance to medicine, is a medical student because her parents have always dreamed of having a "Dr. Daughter." She is certain that medicine is the right career for her because her parents have supported that notion. Sarah would be classified by Marcia as which of the following types?

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion 
B)  moratorium 
C)  foreclosure 
D)  achievement 
A)  diffusion 
B)  moratorium 
C)  foreclosure 
D)  achievement

Question 14

According to Piaget, all but which of the following are characteristic of children in preschool and the primary grades (i.e., between the ages of two and seven)?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are unable to mentally translate volume from a tall thin container to a short fat container. 
B)  There is a focus on the mastery of symbols, such as words. 
C)  Logical thought begins to emerge at this stage. 
D)  They begin to understand that words represent actions and ideas. 
A)  They are unable to mentally translate volume from a tall thin container to a short fat container. 
B)  There is a focus on the mastery of symbols, such as words. 
C)  Logical thought begins to emerge at this stage. 
D)  They begin to understand that words represent actions and ideas.

Question 15

Based on what he has seen at the circus, Larry came to believe that all elephants were docile. Recently, on his first African safari, he approached an elephant with the intention of petting it. Sensing Larry's presence, the elephant wheeled around and proceeded to charge. Larry must now adjust his elephant behavior scheme. According to Piaget, Larry must

Accepted Answer

A)  activate. 
B)  adapt. 
C)  disequilibrate. 
D)  organize. 
A)  activate. 
B)  adapt. 
C)  disequilibrate. 
D)  organize.

Question 16

Piaget's work in moral development suggests that the typical six-year-old

Accepted Answer

A)  holds that behavior is right or wrong. 
B)  believes that rules are flexible. 
C)  considers the intentions of an act. 
D)  has a realistic view of honesty and dishonesty. 
A)  holds that behavior is right or wrong. 
B)  believes that rules are flexible. 
C)  considers the intentions of an act. 
D)  has a realistic view of honesty and dishonesty.

Question 17

Taking into account what you have studied about Piaget's stages of cognitive development, why would a toy manufacturer be uninterested in hiring the typical first- or second-grade child as a consultant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Primary grade children are unable to express their likes and dislikes. 
B)  Primary grade children like all toys equally well. 
C)  Primary grade children do not reason logically. 
D)  Primary grade children have little interest in how toys are designed. 
A)  Primary grade children are unable to express their likes and dislikes. 
B)  Primary grade children like all toys equally well. 
C)  Primary grade children do not reason logically. 
D)  Primary grade children have little interest in how toys are designed.

Question 18

Describe key characteristics of the morality of constraint (or moral realism) as defined by Piaget.

Accepted Answer

Rules are seen as sacred, no e

Question 19

Infants between birth and age two acquire an understanding of the world around them by

Accepted Answer

A)  being able to transfer what they see from one situation to the next. 
B)  exploring their own bodies and senses. 
C)  imitating what they observe. 
D)  using deferred imitation. 
A)  being able to transfer what they see from one situation to the next. 
B)  exploring their own bodies and senses. 
C)  imitating what they observe. 
D)  using deferred imitation.

Question 20

What are the distinguishing characteristics of children whom Piaget would classify as formal operational thinkers?

Accepted Answer

They can deal with a

Briefly describe Piaget's sensorimotor stage.

Simulated learning environments (microworlds) provide students with opportunities to solve problems in a form and setting that they have not likely encountered before. According to Piaget, these students will most likely experience which one of the following?

Which of the following best describes Piaget's concept of a scheme?

Note whether Piaget believed that cognitive development was more strongly influenced by peers or adults and explain why.

Erikson's theory holds that adolescents create an identity for themselves by actively exploring alternative beliefs, career options, and interpersonal relationships, and then making a choice. This contention appears to be

Piaget would probably view the development of a system of classification of animals and plants as evidence of our need to

Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development suggests that teachers should emphasize

Do males and females use different orientations for resolving moral dilemmas? If you believe they do, describe them and estimate the size of the difference.

What do most research studies indicate about the number of adolescents who are formal operational thinkers?

Provide a brief explanation of what Piaget means by accommodation.

Explain Erikson's belief that personality development is based on the epigenetic principle.

According to Piaget, all but which of the following are characteristic of children in preschool and the primary grades (i.e., between the ages of two and seven)?

Piaget's work in moral development suggests that the typical six-year-old

Taking into account what you have studied about Piaget's stages of cognitive development, why would a toy manufacturer be uninterested in hiring the typical first- or second-grade child as a consultant?

Describe key characteristics of the morality of constraint (or moral realism) as defined by Piaget.

Infants between birth and age two acquire an understanding of the world around them by

What are the distinguishing characteristics of children whom Piaget would classify as formal operational thinkers?

Applying Psychology to Teaching

Age-Level Characteristics

Understanding Student Differences

Addressing Cultural and Socioeconomic Diversity

Accommodating Student Variability

Behavioral Learning Theory: Operant Conditioning

Information-Processing Theory

Social Cognitive Theory

Constructivist Learning Theory, Problem Solving, and Transfer

Motivation and Perceptions of Self

Classroom Management

Approaches to Instruction

Assessment of Classroom Learning

Understanding Standardized Assessment

Filters

Exam 2: Theories of Psychosocial and Cognitive Development

Briefly describe Piaget's sensorimotor stage.

Simulated learning environments (microworlds) provide students with opportunities to solve problems in a form and setting that they have not likely encountered before. According to Piaget, these students will most likely experience which one of the following?

Which of the following best describes Piaget's concept of a scheme?

Note whether Piaget believed that cognitive development was more strongly influenced by peers or adults and explain why.

Erikson's theory holds that adolescents create an identity for themselves by actively exploring alternative beliefs, career options, and interpersonal relationships, and then making a choice. This contention appears to be

Piaget would probably view the development of a system of classification of animals and plants as evidence of our need to

Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development suggests that teachers should emphasize

Do males and females use different orientations for resolving moral dilemmas? If you believe they do, describe them and estimate the size of the difference.

What do most research studies indicate about the number of adolescents who are formal operational thinkers?

Provide a brief explanation of what Piaget means by accommodation.

Explain Erikson's belief that personality development is based on the epigenetic principle.

According to Piaget, all but which of the following are characteristic of children in preschool and the primary grades (i.e., between the ages of two and seven)?

Piaget's work in moral development suggests that the typical six-year-old

Taking into account what you have studied about Piaget's stages of cognitive development, why would a toy manufacturer be uninterested in hiring the typical first- or second-grade child as a consultant?

Describe key characteristics of the morality of constraint (or moral realism) as defined by Piaget.

Infants between birth and age two acquire an understanding of the world around them by

What are the distinguishing characteristics of children whom Piaget would classify as formal operational thinkers?

Applying Psychology to Teaching

Age-Level Characteristics

Understanding Student Differences

Addressing Cultural and Socioeconomic Diversity

Accommodating Student Variability

Behavioral Learning Theory: Operant Conditioning

Information-Processing Theory

Social Cognitive Theory

Constructivist Learning Theory, Problem Solving, and Transfer

Motivation and Perceptions of Self

Classroom Management

Approaches to Instruction

Assessment of Classroom Learning

Understanding Standardized Assessment

Filters