Exam 2: Theories of Psychosocial and Cognitive Development

Explain how a teacher could use a moral dilemma in an attempt to help students reason at a higher level of Kohlberg's stage theory of moral development. Note strengths and weaknesses of the moral dilemma model.

What are the distinguishing characteristics of children whom Piaget would classify as preoperational thinkers?

According to Vygotsky, one's culture

Rhonda, a sixth grader, loves to work in her father's wood shop crafting items that she designs. Often, however, when she approaches her father about letting her work with him, he dismisses her requests and tells her that she should "help your mother in the kitchen and stay out of my way." According to Erikson, Rhonda

Describe how role confusion is a threat to the formation of a stable identity in adolescents.

"I would love to run across my mom's new white carpet after playing in the mud just to see what cool designs I could make. I won't though because I am afraid that she would get mad at me." These thoughts reflect which level of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

Describe the three elements that Erikson believes make up an adolescent's sense of identity.

Brian is an only child whose father is a president of a large corporation, while his mother is a lawyer at a busy law firm. Brian has always enjoyed the company of other children partly, he believes, because he wasn't around children much except at school. He is particularly intrigued with young children's development and is thinking of majoring in early-childhood education in college. His parents are not happy with Brian's decision, and his father puts a great deal of pressure on him to major in business or pre-law. Brian isn't sure what to do. His situation is an example of

In his work on the development of moral reasoning in children, Piaget found that

Why do some scholars believe that Piaget's theory underestimates children's abilities?

Explain how the following concepts can help teachers advance student learning in the classroom and provide an example of an instructional application that relates to each term. a. accommodation b. equilibration c. egocentrism d. industry versus inferiority e. identity versus role confusion

If you were to give a set of moral dilemmas to a sample of males and females, which of the following is most likely to describe the results?

Describe three barriers to logical thought likely to be found in children who are in Piaget's preoperational stage.

Using computers in the classroom to simulate expert peers or collaborative partners to enhance learning supports

Explain Piaget's concept of adaptation.

Which of the following concepts is characteristic of adolescent egocentrism?

Organized patterns of actions and thoughts, such as kicking a football or realizing that there are many different types of footballs, are defined by Piaget as

If you wanted to use computer-based technology in a way that was consistent with Vygotsky's principles of cognitive development, which of the following applications would you select?

To help him determine whether various cities and towns in his state lie to the north, south, east, or west of his community, Manuel's teacher has taught him to visualize a map of the state with Manuel standing on where his town is located. To Lev Vygotsky, this is an example of

Sam began his academic career as a history major and, during his first semester, changed to archaeology. He is currently a media-arts student with a C average. When asked about his mediocre grades he indicates that he has a difficult time paying attention in class because he loves to daydream. All twelve of his ex-girlfriends say that he is an anxious soul who is uncertain of his future. James Marcia would most likely say that Sam's identity status is