Question 1

Summarize evidence from research on adoption, environmental deprivation or enrichment, and generational changes in IQ, showing how experience shapes intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Adoption studies show that children show

Question 2

Basing the estimated probability of an event on how similar it is to the prototype of that event is termed the _____ heuristic.

Accepted Answer

A) conjunction 
B) availability 
C) representativeness 
D) gambler's 
A) conjunction 
B) availability 
C) representativeness 
D) gambler's

Question 3

One explanation for the link between intelligence and mortality is ​

Accepted Answer

A) those with lower intelligence tend to have less stressful jobs. 
B) genes cause lower intelligence but better health. 
C) smart people take better care of themselves. 
D) people in higher socioeconomic classes have greater accident risk. 
A) those with lower intelligence tend to have less stressful jobs. 
B) genes cause lower intelligence but better health. 
C) smart people take better care of themselves. 
D) people in higher socioeconomic classes have greater accident risk.

Question 4

Seventeen-year-old Ashley is driving her brother's car when she has her first-ever flat tire. She realizes that she needs to find where the spare tire, the jack, and other tools are stored in the car, remove the flat tire, and install the spare tire. Ashley is approaching the problem by ​

Accepted Answer

A) forming subgoals. 
B) changing the representation of the problem. 
C) working backward. 
D) searching for analogies. 
A) forming subgoals. 
B) changing the representation of the problem. 
C) working backward. 
D) searching for analogies.

Question 5

The representativeness heuristic refers to our tendency to ​

Accepted Answer

A) ignore subjective probabilities when making decisions. 
B) estimate the probability of an event by judging the ease with which relevant instances come to mind. 
C) estimate the probability of an event based on how similar it is to the typical prototype of that event. 
D) ignore common stereotypes when estimating probabilities. 
A) ignore subjective probabilities when making decisions. 
B) estimate the probability of an event by judging the ease with which relevant instances come to mind. 
C) estimate the probability of an event based on how similar it is to the typical prototype of that event. 
D) ignore common stereotypes when estimating probabilities.

Question 6

The incubation effect is thought to occur because ​

Accepted Answer

A) the brain absorbs new problem-solving strategies during sleep. 
B) people become more logical over time. 
C) newborn babies are excellent problem solvers. 
D) people work on problems at an unconscious level. 
A) the brain absorbs new problem-solving strategies during sleep. 
B) people become more logical over time. 
C) newborn babies are excellent problem solvers. 
D) people work on problems at an unconscious level.

Question 7

Which of the following statistical methods is used to determine the reliability of a test?

Accepted Answer

A) Means 
B) Standard deviations 
C) Percentiles 
D) Correlation coefficients 
A) Means 
B) Standard deviations 
C) Percentiles 
D) Correlation coefficients

Question 8

According to dual-process theories of decision making, when complicated or important decisions need to be made, people use _____ strategies.

Accepted Answer

A) simplistic 
B) fast and frugal 
C) intuitive 
D) rule-governed 
A) simplistic 
B) fast and frugal 
C) intuitive 
D) rule-governed

Question 9

Incorrectly estimating that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater than the odds of either event happening alone is known as the ​

Accepted Answer

A) conjunction fallacy. 
B) alternative outcome effect. 
C) gambler's fallacy. 
D) base rate fallacy. 
A) conjunction fallacy. 
B) alternative outcome effect. 
C) gambler's fallacy. 
D) base rate fallacy.

Question 10

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon devised the first intelligence test in 1905 in order to ​

Accepted Answer

A) predict future life success. 
B) provide support for the belief that intelligence is genetically determined. 
C) provide support for the belief that intelligence is environmentally determined. 
D) predict the school performance of children. 
A) predict future life success. 
B) provide support for the belief that intelligence is genetically determined. 
C) provide support for the belief that intelligence is environmentally determined. 
D) predict the school performance of children.

Question 11

If a psychological test measures what it was designed to measure, the test has _____. If it also shows measurement consistency, it has _____.

Accepted Answer

A) standardization; reliability 
B) validity; standardization 
C) validity; reliability 
D) reliability; validity 
A) standardization; reliability 
B) validity; standardization 
C) validity; reliability 
D) reliability; validity

Question 12

If a child who is 10 years old has a mental age of 12, the child's IQ would be ​

Accepted Answer

A) 80. 
B) 100. 
C) 120. 
D) 140. 
A) 80. 
B) 100. 
C) 120. 
D) 140.

Question 13

An estimate of the proportion of trait variability in a population that is determined by variations in genetic inheritance is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) heritability ratio. 
B) percentile score. 
C) intelligence quotient. 
D) reaction range. 
A) heritability ratio. 
B) percentile score. 
C) intelligence quotient. 
D) reaction range.

Question 14

Richard Nisbett and colleagues (2001) argued that people in different cultures display different cognitive styles; people from East Asian cultures tend to display a(n) _____ cognitive style, whereas people from Western cultures exhibit a(n) _____ cognitive style.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Richard Nisbett and colleagues (2001) argued that...

Question 15

Cultural differences in intelligence are due to the influence of

Accepted Answer

A) heredity only. 
B) environment only. 
C) both heredity and environment. 
D) neither heredity nor environment. 
A) heredity only. 
B) environment only. 
C) both heredity and environment. 
D) neither heredity nor environment.

Question 16

People tend to inaccurately estimate that more deaths occur as a result of tornadoes than from asthma because of

Accepted Answer

A) the gambler's fallacy. 
B) framing effects. 
C) a tendency to overestimate the improbable. 
D) loss aversion. 
A) the gambler's fallacy. 
B) framing effects. 
C) a tendency to overestimate the improbable. 
D) loss aversion.

Question 17

According to the reaction range model, children ​

Accepted Answer

A) with average IQ scores will not have very wide reaction ranges. 
B) with average IQ scores are being raised in average-quality environments. 
C) raised in high-quality environments should score near the top of their reaction range. 
D) raised in high-quality environments will have higher IQ scores than children raised in poor-quality environments. 
A) with average IQ scores will not have very wide reaction ranges. 
B) with average IQ scores are being raised in average-quality environments. 
C) raised in high-quality environments should score near the top of their reaction range. 
D) raised in high-quality environments will have higher IQ scores than children raised in poor-quality environments.

Question 18

According to Gardner, a person who is sensitive to the sounds, rhythms, and meanings of words possesses high _____ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Gardner, a person who is...

Question 19

People generally prefer a choice that provides an 80% chance of success over one that provides a 19% chance of failure. This illustrates the effect of

Accepted Answer

A) the availability heuristic. 
B) the representativeness heuristic. 
C) framing. 
D) mental set. 
A) the availability heuristic. 
B) the representativeness heuristic. 
C) framing. 
D) mental set.

Question 20

Approximately ______ of IQ scores fall between 85 and 115.

Accepted Answer

A) 33% 
B) 50% 
C) 68% 
D) 95% 
A) 33% 
B) 50% 
C) 68% 
D) 95%

Summarize evidence from research on adoption, environmental deprivation or enrichment, and generational changes in IQ, showing how experience shapes intelligence.

Basing the estimated probability of an event on how similar it is to the prototype of that event is termed the _____ heuristic.

One explanation for the link between intelligence and mortality is

Seventeen-year-old Ashley is driving her brother's car when she has her first-ever flat tire. She realizes that she needs to find where the spare tire, the jack, and other tools are stored in the car, remove the flat tire, and install the spare tire. Ashley is approaching the problem by

The representativeness heuristic refers to our tendency to

The incubation effect is thought to occur because

Which of the following statistical methods is used to determine the reliability of a test?

According to dual-process theories of decision making, when complicated or important decisions need to be made, people use _____ strategies.

Incorrectly estimating that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater than the odds of either event happening alone is known as the

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon devised the first intelligence test in 1905 in order to

If a psychological test measures what it was designed to measure, the test has _. If it also shows measurement consistency, it has _.

If a child who is 10 years old has a mental age of 12, the child's IQ would be

An estimate of the proportion of trait variability in a population that is determined by variations in genetic inheritance is known as a(n)

Richard Nisbett and colleagues (2001) argued that people in different cultures display different cognitive styles; people from East Asian cultures tend to display a(n) _ cognitive style, whereas people from Western cultures exhibit a(n) _ cognitive style.

Cultural differences in intelligence are due to the influence of

People tend to inaccurately estimate that more deaths occur as a result of tornadoes than from asthma because of

According to the reaction range model, children

According to Gardner, a person who is sensitive to the sounds, rhythms, and meanings of words possesses high _____ intelligence.

People generally prefer a choice that provides an 80% chance of success over one that provides a 19% chance of failure. This illustrates the effect of

Approximately ______ of IQ scores fall between 85 and 115.

The Evolution of Psychology

The Research Enterprise in Psychology

The Biological Bases of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Variations in Consciousness

Learning

Human Memory

Motivation and Emotion

Human Development Across the Life Span

Personality

Social Behavior

Stress, Coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

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Exam 8: Cognition and Intelligence

Summarize evidence from research on adoption, environmental deprivation or enrichment, and generational changes in IQ, showing how experience shapes intelligence.

Basing the estimated probability of an event on how similar it is to the prototype of that event is termed the _____ heuristic.

One explanation for the link between intelligence and mortality is ​

Seventeen-year-old Ashley is driving her brother's car when she has her first-ever flat tire. She realizes that she needs to find where the spare tire, the jack, and other tools are stored in the car, remove the flat tire, and install the spare tire. Ashley is approaching the problem by ​

The representativeness heuristic refers to our tendency to ​

The incubation effect is thought to occur because ​

Which of the following statistical methods is used to determine the reliability of a test?

According to dual-process theories of decision making, when complicated or important decisions need to be made, people use _____ strategies.

Incorrectly estimating that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater than the odds of either event happening alone is known as the ​

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon devised the first intelligence test in 1905 in order to ​

If a psychological test measures what it was designed to measure, the test has _____. If it also shows measurement consistency, it has _____.

If a child who is 10 years old has a mental age of 12, the child's IQ would be ​

An estimate of the proportion of trait variability in a population that is determined by variations in genetic inheritance is known as a(n)

Richard Nisbett and colleagues (2001) argued that people in different cultures display different cognitive styles; people from East Asian cultures tend to display a(n) _____ cognitive style, whereas people from Western cultures exhibit a(n) _____ cognitive style.

Cultural differences in intelligence are due to the influence of

People tend to inaccurately estimate that more deaths occur as a result of tornadoes than from asthma because of

According to the reaction range model, children ​

According to Gardner, a person who is sensitive to the sounds, rhythms, and meanings of words possesses high _____ intelligence.

People generally prefer a choice that provides an 80% chance of success over one that provides a 19% chance of failure. This illustrates the effect of

Approximately ______ of IQ scores fall between 85 and 115.

The Evolution of Psychology

The Research Enterprise in Psychology

The Biological Bases of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Variations in Consciousness

Learning

Human Memory

Motivation and Emotion

Human Development Across the Life Span

Personality

Social Behavior

Stress, Coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

One explanation for the link between intelligence and mortality is

Seventeen-year-old Ashley is driving her brother's car when she has her first-ever flat tire. She realizes that she needs to find where the spare tire, the jack, and other tools are stored in the car, remove the flat tire, and install the spare tire. Ashley is approaching the problem by

The representativeness heuristic refers to our tendency to

The incubation effect is thought to occur because

Incorrectly estimating that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater than the odds of either event happening alone is known as the

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon devised the first intelligence test in 1905 in order to

If a psychological test measures what it was designed to measure, the test has _. If it also shows measurement consistency, it has _.

If a child who is 10 years old has a mental age of 12, the child's IQ would be

Richard Nisbett and colleagues (2001) argued that people in different cultures display different cognitive styles; people from East Asian cultures tend to display a(n) _ cognitive style, whereas people from Western cultures exhibit a(n) _ cognitive style.

According to the reaction range model, children