Question 1

The representativeness heuristic should cause people to think that families with four children are more likely to have ​

Accepted Answer

A) four children of the same sex. 
B) two boys and two girls. 
C) three boys and one girl. 
D) three girls and one boy. 
A) four children of the same sex. 
B) two boys and two girls. 
C) three boys and one girl. 
D) three girls and one boy.

Question 2

Researchers who believe that IQ is largely genetic argue that the heritability of IQ is close to ​

Accepted Answer

A) 100%. 
B) 80%. 
C) 60%. 
D) 50%. 
A) 100%. 
B) 80%. 
C) 60%. 
D) 50%.

Question 3

Disadvantages that work against the development of a minority child's full intellectual potential include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) lower levels of neighborhood stress. 
B) exposure to fewer book s. 
C) less privacy for study. 
D) greater exposure to environmental risks. 
A) lower levels of neighborhood stress. 
B) exposure to fewer book s. 
C) less privacy for study. 
D) greater exposure to environmental risks.

Question 4

The Flynn effect is the finding that ​

Accepted Answer

A) performance on IQ tests seems to be rising steadily and consistently over time. 
B) performance on IQ tests seems to be declining steadily and consistently over time. 
C) fluid intelligence declines with age, while crystallized intelligence increases with age. 
D) IQ scores tend to remain relatively stable after the age of seven. 
A) performance on IQ tests seems to be rising steadily and consistently over time. 
B) performance on IQ tests seems to be declining steadily and consistently over time. 
C) fluid intelligence declines with age, while crystallized intelligence increases with age. 
D) IQ scores tend to remain relatively stable after the age of seven.

Question 5

The entrance exam that Jaclyn is taking for graduate school has a number of questions, such as glove is to hand as sock is to . Questions of this type are considered to be ​

Accepted Answer

A) problems of arrangement. 
B) problems of transformation. 
C) problems of inducing structure. 
D) ill-defined problems. 
A) problems of arrangement. 
B) problems of transformation. 
C) problems of inducing structure. 
D) ill-defined problems.

Question 6

Especially when solving problems containing numerical information, ​

Accepted Answer

A) it is safe to assume that all of the information will be needed to solve the problem. 
B) it is a good idea to start by trying to figure out how to use the numerical information. 
C) you should start by figuring out which information is relevant to the problem. 
D) insight will typically produce the fastest, most accurate solution to the problem. 
A) it is safe to assume that all of the information will be needed to solve the problem. 
B) it is a good idea to start by trying to figure out how to use the numerical information. 
C) you should start by figuring out which information is relevant to the problem. 
D) insight will typically produce the fastest, most accurate solution to the problem.

Question 7

According to Sternberg, _____ is the ability to harness one's intelligence to achieve goals by utilizing one's strengths and compensating for one's weaknesses.

Accepted Answer

A) successful intelligence 
B) practical intelligence 
C) creative intelligence 
D) analytical intelligence 
A) successful intelligence 
B) practical intelligence 
C) creative intelligence 
D) analytical intelligence

Question 8

Which of the following individuals would you predict would be MOST likely to have a high-status occupation, such as being a doctor or lawyer?

Accepted Answer

A) Nick, who has an IQ of 90 
B) Nate, who has an IQ of 105 
C) Phil, who has an IQ of 115 
D) Ben, who has an IQ of 135 
A) Nick, who has an IQ of 90 
B) Nate, who has an IQ of 105 
C) Phil, who has an IQ of 115 
D) Ben, who has an IQ of 135

Question 9

Mrs. Bondle seldom corrects her 4-year-old's grammatical errors, such as "Her drinked my milk." However, she is careful to correct factual errors, such as "Tiger ate his milk." Assuming Mrs. Bondle's child develops normal language skills, her pattern of feedback would be inconsistent with ​

Accepted Answer

A) the behavioral view of language development. 
B) the nativist view of language development. 
C) all major theories of language development. 
D) the transformational theory of language development. 
A) the behavioral view of language development. 
B) the nativist view of language development. 
C) all major theories of language development. 
D) the transformational theory of language development.

Question 10

Some critics argue that ____ use of the term "intelligence" is so broad, encompassing virtually any valued human ability, that it makes the term almost meaningless. ​

Accepted Answer

A) David Wechsler's 
B) Alfred Binet's 
C) Robert Sternberg's 
D) Howard Gardner's 
A) David Wechsler's 
B) Alfred Binet's 
C) Robert Sternberg's 
D) Howard Gardner's

Question 11

Evidence for the role of environmental influences on intelligence is provided by studies that compare ​

Accepted Answer

A) adopted children to their biological parents. 
B) adopted children to their adoptive parents. 
C) children reared by their biological parents to their biological parents. 
D) identical twins reared together and fraternal twins reared together. 
A) adopted children to their biological parents. 
B) adopted children to their adoptive parents. 
C) children reared by their biological parents to their biological parents. 
D) identical twins reared together and fraternal twins reared together.

Question 12

During the first half of the 20th century, the study of cognition was discouraged because ​

Accepted Answer

A) earlier studies using the method of introspection had reliably mapped the structure of consciousness. 
B) of the theoretical dominance of behaviorism. 
C) cognition was not considered to be a psychological function. 
D) language acquisition was viewed as an innate process that could not be studied empirically. 
A) earlier studies using the method of introspection had reliably mapped the structure of consciousness. 
B) of the theoretical dominance of behaviorism. 
C) cognition was not considered to be a psychological function. 
D) language acquisition was viewed as an innate process that could not be studied empirically.

Question 13

Marie received a puzzle that has three pegs as a present for her birthday. To solve the puzzle, a person is required to move nine disks from the center peg to one of the outside pegs. However, only one disk can be moved at a time, and a larger disk can never be placed on top of a smaller disk. Marie's puzzle is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) problem of transformation. 
B) problem of arrangement. 
C) problem of inducing structure. 
D) ill-defined problem. 
A) problem of transformation. 
B) problem of arrangement. 
C) problem of inducing structure. 
D) ill-defined problem.

Question 14

Imagine you have a problem to solve that has some similarities to problems you have previously solved. If focusing on the similarities leads you relatively quickly to a solution, you would be benefiting from the _____ heuristic; on the other hand, if focusing on the similarities prevents or slows your finding a solution, you would be hindered by the _____ barrier to problem solving.

Accepted Answer

A) changing the representation of the problem; functional fixedness 
B) changing the representation of the problem; mental set 
C) searching for analogies; functional fixedness 
D) searching for analogies; mental set 
A) changing the representation of the problem; functional fixedness 
B) changing the representation of the problem; mental set 
C) searching for analogies; functional fixedness 
D) searching for analogies; mental set

Question 15

Attempting possible solutions to a problem, then discarding the ones that don't work until you find one that does, is called the _____ method of problem solving.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Attempting possible solutions to a problem, then...

Question 16

Eva just upgraded her software package. However, even though the updated version contains a number of more efficient methods for working with files, Eva continues to work with files the way she did before the upgrade. In this case, Eva is showing evidence of ​

Accepted Answer

A) mental set. 
B) belief perseverance. 
C) priming. 
D) the availability heuristic. 
A) mental set. 
B) belief perseverance. 
C) priming. 
D) the availability heuristic.

Question 17

According to research, conscious deliberation about a decision leads to greater satisfaction only when decisions are ​

Accepted Answer

A) simple. ​ 
B) complex. 
C) personally relevant. 
D) heuristically based. 
A) simple. ​ 
B) complex. 
C) personally relevant. 
D) heuristically based.

Question 18

When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events generate a great deal of media coverage, they are using

Accepted Answer

A) the availability heuristic. 
B) the representativeness heuristic. 
C) a holistic decision model. 
D) the elimination-by-aspects strategy. 
A) the availability heuristic. 
B) the representativeness heuristic. 
C) a holistic decision model. 
D) the elimination-by-aspects strategy.

Question 19

This multiple-choice question requires ​

Accepted Answer

A) convergent thinking. 
B) divergent thinking. 
C) creativity. 
D) insight. 
A) convergent thinking. 
B) divergent thinking. 
C) creativity. 
D) insight.

Question 20

In which of the following classes of problems is it necessary to carry out a sequence of actions in order to solve the problem?

Accepted Answer

A) Inducing structure 
B) Probability 
C) Transformation 
D) Arrangement 
A) Inducing structure 
B) Probability 
C) Transformation 
D) Arrangement

The representativeness heuristic should cause people to think that families with four children are more likely to have

Researchers who believe that IQ is largely genetic argue that the heritability of IQ is close to

Disadvantages that work against the development of a minority child's full intellectual potential include all of the following EXCEPT

The Flynn effect is the finding that

The entrance exam that Jaclyn is taking for graduate school has a number of questions, such as glove is to hand as sock is to . Questions of this type are considered to be

Especially when solving problems containing numerical information,

According to Sternberg, _____ is the ability to harness one's intelligence to achieve goals by utilizing one's strengths and compensating for one's weaknesses.

Which of the following individuals would you predict would be MOST likely to have a high-status occupation, such as being a doctor or lawyer?

Mrs. Bondle seldom corrects her 4-year-old's grammatical errors, such as "Her drinked my milk." However, she is careful to correct factual errors, such as "Tiger ate his milk." Assuming Mrs. Bondle's child develops normal language skills, her pattern of feedback would be inconsistent with

Some critics argue that ____ use of the term "intelligence" is so broad, encompassing virtually any valued human ability, that it makes the term almost meaningless.

Evidence for the role of environmental influences on intelligence is provided by studies that compare

During the first half of the 20th century, the study of cognition was discouraged because

Attempting possible solutions to a problem, then discarding the ones that don't work until you find one that does, is called the _____ method of problem solving.

Eva just upgraded her software package. However, even though the updated version contains a number of more efficient methods for working with files, Eva continues to work with files the way she did before the upgrade. In this case, Eva is showing evidence of

According to research, conscious deliberation about a decision leads to greater satisfaction only when decisions are

When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events generate a great deal of media coverage, they are using

This multiple-choice question requires

In which of the following classes of problems is it necessary to carry out a sequence of actions in order to solve the problem?

The Evolution of Psychology

The Research Enterprise in Psychology

The Biological Bases of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Variations in Consciousness

Learning

Human Memory

Motivation and Emotion

Human Development Across the Life Span

Personality

Social Behavior

Stress, Coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 8: Cognition and Intelligence

The representativeness heuristic should cause people to think that families with four children are more likely to have ​

Researchers who believe that IQ is largely genetic argue that the heritability of IQ is close to ​

Disadvantages that work against the development of a minority child's full intellectual potential include all of the following EXCEPT

The Flynn effect is the finding that ​

The entrance exam that Jaclyn is taking for graduate school has a number of questions, such as glove is to hand as sock is to . Questions of this type are considered to be ​

Especially when solving problems containing numerical information, ​

According to Sternberg, _____ is the ability to harness one's intelligence to achieve goals by utilizing one's strengths and compensating for one's weaknesses.

Which of the following individuals would you predict would be MOST likely to have a high-status occupation, such as being a doctor or lawyer?

Mrs. Bondle seldom corrects her 4-year-old's grammatical errors, such as "Her drinked my milk." However, she is careful to correct factual errors, such as "Tiger ate his milk." Assuming Mrs. Bondle's child develops normal language skills, her pattern of feedback would be inconsistent with ​

Some critics argue that ____ use of the term "intelligence" is so broad, encompassing virtually any valued human ability, that it makes the term almost meaningless. ​

Evidence for the role of environmental influences on intelligence is provided by studies that compare ​

During the first half of the 20th century, the study of cognition was discouraged because ​

Attempting possible solutions to a problem, then discarding the ones that don't work until you find one that does, is called the _____ method of problem solving.

Eva just upgraded her software package. However, even though the updated version contains a number of more efficient methods for working with files, Eva continues to work with files the way she did before the upgrade. In this case, Eva is showing evidence of ​

According to research, conscious deliberation about a decision leads to greater satisfaction only when decisions are ​

When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events generate a great deal of media coverage, they are using

This multiple-choice question requires ​

In which of the following classes of problems is it necessary to carry out a sequence of actions in order to solve the problem?

The Evolution of Psychology

The Research Enterprise in Psychology

The Biological Bases of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Variations in Consciousness

Learning

Human Memory

Motivation and Emotion

Human Development Across the Life Span

Personality

Social Behavior

Stress, Coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

The representativeness heuristic should cause people to think that families with four children are more likely to have

Researchers who believe that IQ is largely genetic argue that the heritability of IQ is close to

The Flynn effect is the finding that

The entrance exam that Jaclyn is taking for graduate school has a number of questions, such as glove is to hand as sock is to . Questions of this type are considered to be

Especially when solving problems containing numerical information,

Mrs. Bondle seldom corrects her 4-year-old's grammatical errors, such as "Her drinked my milk." However, she is careful to correct factual errors, such as "Tiger ate his milk." Assuming Mrs. Bondle's child develops normal language skills, her pattern of feedback would be inconsistent with

Some critics argue that ____ use of the term "intelligence" is so broad, encompassing virtually any valued human ability, that it makes the term almost meaningless.

Evidence for the role of environmental influences on intelligence is provided by studies that compare

During the first half of the 20th century, the study of cognition was discouraged because

Eva just upgraded her software package. However, even though the updated version contains a number of more efficient methods for working with files, Eva continues to work with files the way she did before the upgrade. In this case, Eva is showing evidence of

According to research, conscious deliberation about a decision leads to greater satisfaction only when decisions are

This multiple-choice question requires