Question 1

According to Erikson, which of the following is true of early experiences?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are more challenging than later experiences. 
B)  They continue to affect future development. 
C)  They exert very little influence on who we become. 
D)  They only predict future development once we reach six to eight years of age. 
A)  They are more challenging than later experiences. 
B)  They continue to affect future development. 
C)  They exert very little influence on who we become. 
D)  They only predict future development once we reach six to eight years of age.

Question 2

From his research on intelligence tests, Piaget concluded that:

Accepted Answer

A)  children's incorrect answers followed consistent cognitive processes. 
B)  children's incorrect answers demonstrated their logical mental processes. 
C)  children's incorrect answers resulted from inconsistent cognitive processing. 
D)  children's incorrect answers resulted from unstructured mental processing. 
A)  children's incorrect answers followed consistent cognitive processes. 
B)  children's incorrect answers demonstrated their logical mental processes. 
C)  children's incorrect answers resulted from inconsistent cognitive processing. 
D)  children's incorrect answers resulted from unstructured mental processing.

Question 3

A major controversy in psychology involves sorting out the influences of heredity and environment. This controversy is known as the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  active-passive controversy 
B)  continuity-discontinuity controversy 
C)  nature-nurture controversy 
D)  physiological-psychological controversy 
A)  active-passive controversy 
B)  continuity-discontinuity controversy 
C)  nature-nurture controversy 
D)  physiological-psychological controversy

Question 4

Extinction results from repeated performance of operant behavior without punishment

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Describe the case-study method for studying development.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. The case study is a c

Question 6

Dr. Fitzsimmons is an evolutionary psychologist. He studies the ways in which adaptation and natural selection are connected with mental processes and behavior. Given his background, which of the following statements is he most likely expected to make?

Accepted Answer

A)  Patterns of behavior are transmitted genetically from one generation to another. 
B)  Prenatal exposure to hormones has little effect on gender behaviors. 
C)  The same level of influence of biology affects humans as it does other animals. 
D)  Instincts have little effect on the behavior of an individual. 
A)  Patterns of behavior are transmitted genetically from one generation to another. 
B)  Prenatal exposure to hormones has little effect on gender behaviors. 
C)  The same level of influence of biology affects humans as it does other animals. 
D)  Instincts have little effect on the behavior of an individual.

Question 7

Peter believes that the best way to raise his son is by prompting and reprimanding him whenever he does something wrong and rewarding him whenever he does something that he thinks is right. Peter believes that he has to be involved in shaping the child's behavior. Peter's ideas agree best with the philosopher _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Jean Piaget 
B)  Jean-Jacques Rousseau 
C)  Konrad Lorenz 
D)  John Locke 
A)  Jean Piaget 
B)  Jean-Jacques Rousseau 
C)  Konrad Lorenz 
D)  John Locke

Question 8

Harold often argues with his father and refuses to let him or anyone else get close to his mother. According to Freud, Harold is most likely stuck in the stage of development known as the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  anal stage 
B)  oral stage 
C)  phallic stage 
D)  latency stage 
A)  anal stage 
B)  oral stage 
C)  phallic stage 
D)  latency stage

Question 9

A scheme can be changed by:

Accepted Answer

A)  the process of assimilation. 
B)  comparing old information with new schemes. 
C)  getting more complex as children age according to their genotype. 
D)  the process of accommodation. 
A)  the process of assimilation. 
B)  comparing old information with new schemes. 
C)  getting more complex as children age according to their genotype. 
D)  the process of accommodation.

Question 10

The psychosexual theory of development is similar to the psychosocial theory of development in that:

Accepted Answer

A)  both theories assert that human development is a continuous, lifelong process with little or no gaps. 
B)  both theories suggest that a child's experiences during early stages affect the child's emotional and social life at the time and later on. 
C)  both theories believe that a child or adult's behavior is learned. 
D)  both theories suggest that adaptation and natural selection are connected with behavior. 
A)  both theories assert that human development is a continuous, lifelong process with little or no gaps. 
B)  both theories suggest that a child's experiences during early stages affect the child's emotional and social life at the time and later on. 
C)  both theories believe that a child or adult's behavior is learned. 
D)  both theories suggest that adaptation and natural selection are connected with behavior.

Question 11

The idea of childhood as a special time of life:

Accepted Answer

A)  was concurrent with a time of ease for children during the Industrial Revolution. 
B)  became evident during the Industrial Revolution, as children became more visible. 
C)  lasted through the Middle Ages; however, it slowed down during the Industrial Revolution. 
D)  corresponded to the Middle Ages and the importance of children in the family during this time. 
A)  was concurrent with a time of ease for children during the Industrial Revolution. 
B)  became evident during the Industrial Revolution, as children became more visible. 
C)  lasted through the Middle Ages; however, it slowed down during the Industrial Revolution. 
D)  corresponded to the Middle Ages and the importance of children in the family during this time.

Question 12

In the context of theories of development, a cognitive theorist is most likely to study:

Accepted Answer

A)  how children confront and resolve developmental crises in their lives. 
B)  how the id, ego, and superego work together to form a healthy personality. 
C)  how patterns of reinforcement and punishment promote learning. 
D)  how children perceive and mentally represent the world. 
A)  how children confront and resolve developmental crises in their lives. 
B)  how the id, ego, and superego work together to form a healthy personality. 
C)  how patterns of reinforcement and punishment promote learning. 
D)  how children perceive and mentally represent the world.

Question 13

According to Freud, our biological drives are represented by the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  superego 
B)  id 
C)  ego 
D)  subconscious 
A)  superego 
B)  id 
C)  ego 
D)  subconscious

Question 14

In the context of the nature-nurture controversy, nature refers to the influence of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  heredity 
B)  nutrition 
C)  culture 
D)  environment 
A)  heredity 
B)  nutrition 
C)  culture 
D)  environment

Question 15

In _____, the same people are observed repeatedly over time, and changes in development, such as gains in height or changes in mental abilities, are recorded.

Accepted Answer

A)  longitudinal research 
B)  cross-sectional research 
C)  adaptive clinical research 
D)  correlational research 
A)  longitudinal research 
B)  cross-sectional research 
C)  adaptive clinical research 
D)  correlational research

Question 16

Which of the following measures is taken up by teachers who follow Piaget's views?

Accepted Answer

A)  They look at a child's ability to suppress his aggressive tendencies. 
B)  They gear instructions to advance the child's developmental level. 
C)  They assist children in completing problems in workbooks. 
D)  They suggest that children of all ages process information similarly. 
A)  They look at a child's ability to suppress his aggressive tendencies. 
B)  They gear instructions to advance the child's developmental level. 
C)  They assist children in completing problems in workbooks. 
D)  They suggest that children of all ages process information similarly.

Question 17

The nature-nurture debate is concerned with:

Accepted Answer

A)  the question of why genes are more influential in development than environment. 
B)  the question of why the environment is more important in development than evolution. 
C)  the relationship between heredity and environmental influences on human development. 
D)  the claim that females are more intelligent for genetic reasons. 
A)  the question of why genes are more influential in development than environment. 
B)  the question of why the environment is more important in development than evolution. 
C)  the relationship between heredity and environmental influences on human development. 
D)  the claim that females are more intelligent for genetic reasons.

Question 18

Elsa is a nutritionist writing a paper on childhood eating habits today compared with a decade ago. She decides to compare what her niece eats today with what she used to eat as a child. She monitors her intake every day by asking her sister and her niece's teacher in school and compiles data through that. Which method of gathering information does Elsa use?

Accepted Answer

A)  A survey 
B)  A naturalistic 
C)  A case study 
D)  An experiment 
A)  A survey 
B)  A naturalistic 
C)  A case study 
D)  An experiment

Question 19

Discuss the benefits of cross-sequential research.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. Cross-sequential rese

Question 20

A "releasing stimulus" evokes stereotyped patterns of behavior, also known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  learned behavioral tendencies 
B)  fixed action patterns 
C)  mnemonics 
D)  survival mechanisms 
A)  learned behavioral tendencies 
B)  fixed action patterns 
C)  mnemonics 
D)  survival mechanisms

According to Erikson, which of the following is true of early experiences?

From his research on intelligence tests, Piaget concluded that:

A major controversy in psychology involves sorting out the influences of heredity and environment. This controversy is known as the _______.

Extinction results from repeated performance of operant behavior without punishment

Describe the case-study method for studying development.

Dr. Fitzsimmons is an evolutionary psychologist. He studies the ways in which adaptation and natural selection are connected with mental processes and behavior. Given his background, which of the following statements is he most likely expected to make?

Harold often argues with his father and refuses to let him or anyone else get close to his mother. According to Freud, Harold is most likely stuck in the stage of development known as the ________.

A scheme can be changed by:

The psychosexual theory of development is similar to the psychosocial theory of development in that:

The idea of childhood as a special time of life:

In the context of theories of development, a cognitive theorist is most likely to study:

According to Freud, our biological drives are represented by the _______.

In the context of the nature-nurture controversy, nature refers to the influence of _____.

In _____, the same people are observed repeatedly over time, and changes in development, such as gains in height or changes in mental abilities, are recorded.

Which of the following measures is taken up by teachers who follow Piaget's views?

The nature-nurture debate is concerned with:

Discuss the benefits of cross-sequential research.

A "releasing stimulus" evokes stereotyped patterns of behavior, also known as ________.

Heredity and Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby: in the New World

Infancy: Physical Development

Infancy: Cognitive Development

Infancy: Social and Emotional Development

Early Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Early Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Childhood: Social and Emotional Developmeny

Adolescence: Physical and Cognitive Development

Adolescence: Social and Emotional Development

Early Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Early Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Adulthood: Social Emotional Development

Late Adulthood: Physical and Emotional Development

Late Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Lifes Final Chapter

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Exam 1: History, Theories, and Methods

According to Erikson, which of the following is true of early experiences?

From his research on intelligence tests, Piaget concluded that:

A major controversy in psychology involves sorting out the influences of heredity and environment. This controversy is known as the _______.

Extinction results from repeated performance of operant behavior without punishment

Describe the case-study method for studying development.

Dr. Fitzsimmons is an evolutionary psychologist. He studies the ways in which adaptation and natural selection are connected with mental processes and behavior. Given his background, which of the following statements is he most likely expected to make?

Harold often argues with his father and refuses to let him or anyone else get close to his mother. According to Freud, Harold is most likely stuck in the stage of development known as the ________.

A scheme can be changed by:

The psychosexual theory of development is similar to the psychosocial theory of development in that:

The idea of childhood as a special time of life:

In the context of theories of development, a cognitive theorist is most likely to study:

According to Freud, our biological drives are represented by the _______.

In the context of the nature-nurture controversy, nature refers to the influence of _____.

In _____, the same people are observed repeatedly over time, and changes in development, such as gains in height or changes in mental abilities, are recorded.

Which of the following measures is taken up by teachers who follow Piaget's views?

The nature-nurture debate is concerned with:

Discuss the benefits of cross-sequential research.

A "releasing stimulus" evokes stereotyped patterns of behavior, also known as ________.

Heredity and Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby: in the New World

Infancy: Physical Development

Infancy: Cognitive Development

Infancy: Social and Emotional Development

Early Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Early Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Childhood: Social and Emotional Developmeny

Adolescence: Physical and Cognitive Development

Adolescence: Social and Emotional Development

Early Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Early Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Adulthood: Social Emotional Development

Late Adulthood: Physical and Emotional Development

Late Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Lifes Final Chapter

Filters