Question 1

Every evening, Sal watches The Simpsons from 8 to 8:30 p.m. followed by Family Guy from 8:30 to 9 p.m. This pattern is most similar to a _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  variable ratio schedule 
B)  mixed schedule 
C)  multiple schedule 
D)  chained schedule 
A)  variable ratio schedule 
B)  mixed schedule 
C)  multiple schedule 
D)  chained schedule C

Question 2

The _____ refers to the nonreinforcement of a previously reinforced response.

Accepted Answer

A)  process of extinction 
B)  procedure of extinction 
C)  process of punishment 
D)  procedure of punishment 
A)  process of extinction 
B)  procedure of extinction 
C)  process of punishment 
D)  procedure of punishment B

Question 3

What is an S  ∆  ? Diagram an example of a discrimination training procedure. (Include the appropriate abbreviation for each component.)

Accepted Answer

An S ^∆ is a discrimination training procedure used in behavior analysis. In this procedure, ^{represents the discriminative stimulus (S1) that signals the availability of a particular reinforcement (U1) for a specific response (P1), while ∆} represents the discriminative stimulus (S1) that signals the absence of reinforcement (S1) for a specific response (P0).

An example of a discrimination training procedure could be training a dog to differentiate between two different sounds. In this example, the sound of a bell (S1) could signal the availability of a treat (U1) for sitting (P1), while the sound of a whistle (S1) could signal the absence of a treat (S1) for sitting (P0).

This discrimination training procedure would involve presenting the bell sound and reinforcing the dog for sitting, while presenting the whistle sound without reinforcement. Over time, the dog would learn to discriminate between the two sounds and only sit in response to the bell sound, demonstrating successful discrimination training.

Question 4

The extent to which responding persists after an extinction procedure has been implemented is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction relapse 
B)  response adaptation 
C)  response persistence 
D)  resistance to extinction 
A)  extinction relapse 
B)  response adaptation 
C)  response persistence 
D)  resistance to extinction

Question 5

Gina was once stung by a hornet inside her house. After that incident, she closes all the windows of her house whenever she sees any insect. Her behavior illustrates _________.

Accepted Answer

stimulus g

Question 6

Skinner suggested that spontaneous recovery may be a function of

Accepted Answer

A)  CSs associated with the start of a session. 
B)  SDs associated with the end of a session. 
C)  CSs associated with the end of a session. 
D)  SDs associated with the start of a session. 
A)  CSs associated with the start of a session. 
B)  SDs associated with the end of a session. 
C)  CSs associated with the end of a session. 
D)  SDs associated with the start of a session.

Question 7

A pigeon is presented with a blue key and a red key alternatively. In the presence of the blue key, it earns food on a VI 30-sec schedule. In the presence of the red key, it earns food on a VI 15-sec schedule. The VI 30-sec schedule is then changed to a VI 60-sec schedule. As a result, the rate of response on the VI 15-sec schedule _____, illustrating a _____ contrast effect.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases; negative 
B)  increases; negative 
C)  decreases; positive 
D)  increases; positive 
A)  decreases; negative 
B)  increases; negative 
C)  decreases; positive 
D)  increases; positive

Question 8

Fading _____ the S∆ during the early phase of discrimination training will most likely _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  out; decrease emotional behavior 
B)  out; increase errors 
C)  in; decrease errors 
D)  Both a and b are correct. 
A)  out; decrease emotional behavior 
B)  out; increase errors 
C)  in; decrease errors 
D)  Both a and b are correct.

Question 9

After Rachel learns that she will soon lose her job due to lay-offs, she finds her job more interesting than before and works harder at it. Her behavior illustrates a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  anticipatory contrast effect 
B)  positive contrast effect 
C)  differential reinforcement effect 
D)  negative contrast effect 
A)  anticipatory contrast effect 
B)  positive contrast effect 
C)  differential reinforcement effect 
D)  negative contrast effect

Question 10

Jamie's dog, Taffy, begs for food and gets it at the dinner table every night. Jamie decides to discourage this behavior and refuses to give Taffy food when she begs. After a week, Jamie notices that Taffy's begging has decreased but has not stopped entirely. At this point, the behavior of begging has been

Accepted Answer

A)  extinguished. 
B)  partially extinguished. 
C)  punished. 
D)  unsuccessfully punished. 
A)  extinguished. 
B)  partially extinguished. 
C)  punished. 
D)  unsuccessfully punished.

Question 11

In the context of operant conditioning, define extinction. Distinguish between the process of extinction and the procedure of extinction.

Accepted Answer

In the context of operant conditioning,

Question 12

The most important factor influencing resistance to extinction is the _____ of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  time-sensitivity 
B)  schedule 
C)  magnitude 
D)  delay 
A)  time-sensitivity 
B)  schedule 
C)  magnitude 
D)  delay

Question 13

In behavioral _________, a change in the rate of _________ on one component of a multiple schedule produces an opposite change in the rate of _________ on the other component.

Accepted Answer

contrast;

Question 14

Stan teaches his dog to touch the end of a stick with its nose as they walk along the sidewalk. In this scenario, Stan adopts a behavior management technique known as (name the specific technique) _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Stan teaches his dog to touch the...

Question 15

An animal's response is reinforced in the presence of a tone that is 50 decibels (dB) in loudness, but not a tone that is 70 dB in loudness. In a test of generalization, the strongest response will most likely be to a tone that is _____ dB in loudness.

Accepted Answer

A)  40 
B)  90 
C)  60 
D)  80 
A)  40 
B)  90 
C)  60 
D)  80

Question 16

Jill trains her dog to run when she snaps her fingers. In this example, finger snapping acts as the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcer 
B)  conditioned stimulus 
C)  unconditioned stimulus 
D)  discriminative stimulus 
A)  positive reinforcer 
B)  conditioned stimulus 
C)  unconditioned stimulus 
D)  discriminative stimulus

Question 17

Guthrie's theory of learning is an extreme version of a _____ theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus-response 
B)  reinforcement 
C)  cognitive 
D)  neurobiological 
A)  stimulus-response 
B)  reinforcement 
C)  cognitive 
D)  neurobiological

Question 18

A multiple schedule is useful for investigating _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous recovery 
B)  resurgence 
C)  stimulus control 
D)  habituation 
A)  spontaneous recovery 
B)  resurgence 
C)  stimulus control 
D)  habituation

Question 19

Kaya, a seven-year-old, notices that her parents no longer pay heed to her demand for more toys. She then starts crying just like she used to when she was younger and wanted toys. In this scenario, Kaya's behavior illustrates _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous recovery 
B)  an extinction burst 
C)  resurgence 
D)  dishabituation 
A)  spontaneous recovery 
B)  an extinction burst 
C)  resurgence 
D)  dishabituation

Question 20

How might a bird owner use stimulus control to eliminate a parrot's tendency to squawk for long periods of time? How might a novelist use stimulus control to facilitate the act of writing?

Accepted Answer

A bird owner could use stimulus control

Every evening, Sal watches The Simpsons from 8 to 8:30 p.m. followed by Family Guy from 8:30 to 9 p.m. This pattern is most similar to a _____.

The _____ refers to the nonreinforcement of a previously reinforced response.

What is an S ^∆ ? Diagram an example of a discrimination training procedure. (Include the appropriate abbreviation for each component.)

The extent to which responding persists after an extinction procedure has been implemented is known as _____.

Gina was once stung by a hornet inside her house. After that incident, she closes all the windows of her house whenever she sees any insect. Her behavior illustrates _________.

Skinner suggested that spontaneous recovery may be a function of

Fading _ the S^∆ during the early phase of discrimination training will most likely _.

After Rachel learns that she will soon lose her job due to lay-offs, she finds her job more interesting than before and works harder at it. Her behavior illustrates a(n) _____.

In the context of operant conditioning, define extinction. Distinguish between the process of extinction and the procedure of extinction.

The most important factor influencing resistance to extinction is the _____ of reinforcement.

In behavioral _____, a change in the rate of _ on one component of a multiple schedule produces an opposite change in the rate of _____ on the other component.

Stan teaches his dog to touch the end of a stick with its nose as they walk along the sidewalk. In this scenario, Stan adopts a behavior management technique known as (name the specific technique) _________.

An animal's response is reinforced in the presence of a tone that is 50 decibels (dB) in loudness, but not a tone that is 70 dB in loudness. In a test of generalization, the strongest response will most likely be to a tone that is _____ dB in loudness.

Jill trains her dog to run when she snaps her fingers. In this example, finger snapping acts as the _____.

Guthrie's theory of learning is an extreme version of a _____ theory.

A multiple schedule is useful for investigating _____.

Kaya, a seven-year-old, notices that her parents no longer pay heed to her demand for more toys. She then starts crying just like she used to when she was younger and wanted toys. In this scenario, Kaya's behavior illustrates _____.

How might a bird owner use stimulus control to eliminate a parrot's tendency to squawk for long periods of time? How might a novelist use stimulus control to facilitate the act of writing?

Introduction

Research Methods

Elicited Behaviors and Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning Basic Phenomena and Various Complexities

Classical Conditioning Underlying Processes in Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning Introduction

Schedules and Theories of Reinforcement

Escape Avoidance and Punishment

Choice Matching and Self Control

Observational Learning and Rule Governed Behavior

Biological Dispositions in Learning

Comparative Cognition

Filters

Exam 8: Extinction and Stimulus Control

Every evening, Sal watches The Simpsons from 8 to 8:30 p.m. followed by Family Guy from 8:30 to 9 p.m. This pattern is most similar to a _____.

The _____ refers to the nonreinforcement of a previously reinforced response.

What is an S ∆ ? Diagram an example of a discrimination training procedure. (Include the appropriate abbreviation for each component.)

The extent to which responding persists after an extinction procedure has been implemented is known as _____.

Gina was once stung by a hornet inside her house. After that incident, she closes all the windows of her house whenever she sees any insect. Her behavior illustrates _________.

Skinner suggested that spontaneous recovery may be a function of

Fading _____ the S∆ during the early phase of discrimination training will most likely _____.

After Rachel learns that she will soon lose her job due to lay-offs, she finds her job more interesting than before and works harder at it. Her behavior illustrates a(n) _____.

In the context of operant conditioning, define extinction. Distinguish between the process of extinction and the procedure of extinction.

The most important factor influencing resistance to extinction is the _____ of reinforcement.

In behavioral _________, a change in the rate of _________ on one component of a multiple schedule produces an opposite change in the rate of _________ on the other component.

Stan teaches his dog to touch the end of a stick with its nose as they walk along the sidewalk. In this scenario, Stan adopts a behavior management technique known as (name the specific technique) _________.

An animal's response is reinforced in the presence of a tone that is 50 decibels (dB) in loudness, but not a tone that is 70 dB in loudness. In a test of generalization, the strongest response will most likely be to a tone that is _____ dB in loudness.

Jill trains her dog to run when she snaps her fingers. In this example, finger snapping acts as the _____.

Guthrie's theory of learning is an extreme version of a _____ theory.

A multiple schedule is useful for investigating _____.

Kaya, a seven-year-old, notices that her parents no longer pay heed to her demand for more toys. She then starts crying just like she used to when she was younger and wanted toys. In this scenario, Kaya's behavior illustrates _____.

How might a bird owner use stimulus control to eliminate a parrot's tendency to squawk for long periods of time? How might a novelist use stimulus control to facilitate the act of writing?

Introduction

Research Methods

Elicited Behaviors and Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning Basic Phenomena and Various Complexities

Classical Conditioning Underlying Processes in Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning Introduction

Schedules and Theories of Reinforcement

Escape Avoidance and Punishment

Choice Matching and Self Control

Observational Learning and Rule Governed Behavior

Biological Dispositions in Learning

Comparative Cognition

Filters

What is an S ^∆ ? Diagram an example of a discrimination training procedure. (Include the appropriate abbreviation for each component.)

Fading _ the S^∆ during the early phase of discrimination training will most likely _.

In behavioral _____, a change in the rate of _ on one component of a multiple schedule produces an opposite change in the rate of _____ on the other component.