Question 1

The magnitude of a reinforcer is _____ related to resistance to extinction.

Accepted Answer

A)  directly 
B)  inversely 
C)  not 
D)  Both a and b are correct. 
A)  directly 
B)  inversely 
C)  not 
D)  Both a and b are correct.

Question 2

A multiple schedule consists of two or more independent schedules presented in sequence, each:

Accepted Answer

A)  with its own SD. 
B)  resulting in a reinforcer. 
C)  with the same SD. 
D)  Both a and b are correct. 
A)  with its own SD. 
B)  resulting in a reinforcer. 
C)  with the same SD. 
D)  Both a and b are correct.

Question 3

Extinction sometimes results in _____, which is a common symptom of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a high level of activity; manic-depressive disorder 
B)  a low level of activity; depression 
C)  ritualistic behavior patterns; obsessive-compulsive disorder 
D)  pain behavior; psychosomatic disorders 
A)  a high level of activity; manic-depressive disorder 
B)  a low level of activity; depression 
C)  ritualistic behavior patterns; obsessive-compulsive disorder 
D)  pain behavior; psychosomatic disorders

Question 4

A rat receives food when it presses a lever in the presence of a 900-Hz tone but not in the presence of a 1300-Hz tone. In a subsequent test of generalization, which of the following tones would most likely produce the highest rate of lever pressing?

Accepted Answer

A)  850 Hz 
B)  1250 Hz 
C)  1300 Hz 
D)  1350 Hz 
A)  850 Hz 
B)  1250 Hz 
C)  1300 Hz 
D)  1350 Hz

Question 5

Dwayne shows little interest in his girlfriend except when he perceives that she is becoming interested in somebody else. His behavior is best described as an example of a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  anticipatory contrast effect 
B)  negative contrast effect 
C)  positive contrast effect 
D)  discriminatory contrast effect 
A)  anticipatory contrast effect 
B)  negative contrast effect 
C)  positive contrast effect 
D)  discriminatory contrast effect

Question 6

Furomoto (1971) found that resistance to extinction for key pecking in pigeons

Accepted Answer

A)  reached its maximum after about five reinforcements. 
B)  reached its maximum after about 1,000 reinforcements. 
C)  continued to increase as the number of reinforcements increased. 
D)  began to decrease as the number of reinforcements increased. 
A)  reached its maximum after about five reinforcements. 
B)  reached its maximum after about 1,000 reinforcements. 
C)  continued to increase as the number of reinforcements increased. 
D)  began to decrease as the number of reinforcements increased.

Question 7

Which of the following is a useful practice for eliminating bedtime tantrums in young children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Waiting for a predetermined period of time before responding 
B)  Comforting the child for only 15 seconds or less and then leaving 
C)  Both a and b are correct. 
D)  Neither a nor b is correct. 
A)  Waiting for a predetermined period of time before responding 
B)  Comforting the child for only 15 seconds or less and then leaving 
C)  Both a and b are correct. 
D)  Neither a nor b is correct.

Question 8

Rickert and Johnson (1988) have shown that ignoring bedtime tantrums of young children

Accepted Answer

A)  is ineffective. 
B)  has severe negative effects on children's feelings of safety and self-esteem. 
C)  Both a and b are correct. 
D)  Neither a nor b is correct. 
A)  is ineffective. 
B)  has severe negative effects on children's feelings of safety and self-esteem. 
C)  Both a and b are correct. 
D)  Neither a nor b is correct.

Question 9

The statement "You do not appreciate what you have got until you are about to lose it" illustrates a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction burst 
B)  resurgence effect 
C)  positive contrast effect 
D)  anticipatory contrast effect 
A)  extinction burst 
B)  resurgence effect 
C)  positive contrast effect 
D)  anticipatory contrast effect

Question 10

While teaching his daughter the letters of the alphabet, Vern would pronounce each letter as he showed it to her and then encourage her to repeat what he said. He then began to pronounce the letters more softly, with the result that she eventually pronounced them on her own just by seeing the letter. In this scenario, Vern applied a method called _________. One problem with this method is that the learning that results from this procedure tends to be (inflexible/too flexible) _________.

Accepted Answer

errorless

Question 11

Following a discrimination training procedure in which a red key was established as the S∆ and an orange key was established as the SD, a test of generalization is conducted in which the strongest response occurs to a yellowish-orange key. This result is a demonstration of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  response generalization 
B)  errorless discrimination 
C)  the peak shift effect 
D)  error-filled discrimination 
A)  response generalization 
B)  errorless discrimination 
C)  the peak shift effect 
D)  error-filled discrimination

Question 12

The behavior of leaving one's house every day at exactly 8:05 in the morning is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus control 
B)  a DRO schedule 
C)  stimulus generalization 
D)  the peak shift effect 
A)  stimulus control 
B)  a DRO schedule 
C)  stimulus generalization 
D)  the peak shift effect

Question 13

On a multiple VR 100 VI 60-sec schedule of reinforcement, the first component is changed to a VR 5 schedule. As a result, the rate of response on the VI 60-sec schedule will most likely _____, illustrating a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase; positive contrast effect 
B)  decrease; negative contrast effect 
C)  decrease; anticipatory contrast effect 
D)  increase; anticipatory contrast effect 
A)  increase; positive contrast effect 
B)  decrease; negative contrast effect 
C)  decrease; anticipatory contrast effect 
D)  increase; anticipatory contrast effect

Question 14

Why are extinction procedures for the elimination of bedtime tantrums difficult to implement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children get permanently traumatized over the course of the procedure. 
B)  Parents find the procedure too distressing. 
C)  Young children do not respond to extinction procedures. 
D)  All of these are correct. 
A)  Children get permanently traumatized over the course of the procedure. 
B)  Parents find the procedure too distressing. 
C)  Young children do not respond to extinction procedures. 
D)  All of these are correct.

Question 15

One explanation for the peak shift effect is that the SD is perceived as:

Accepted Answer

A)  quite dissimilar from the S∆. 
B)  somewhat similar to the S∆. 
C)  overtly salient. 
D)  subtly salient. 
A)  quite dissimilar from the S∆. 
B)  somewhat similar to the S∆. 
C)  overtly salient. 
D)  subtly salient.

Question 16

A major drawback to using extinction to eliminate bedtime tantrums is that

Accepted Answer

A)  it adversely affects children's self-esteem. 
B)  the children generally become noncompliant. 
C)  it is too distressing for the parents. 
D)  Both a and b are correct. 
A)  it adversely affects children's self-esteem. 
B)  the children generally become noncompliant. 
C)  it is too distressing for the parents. 
D)  Both a and b are correct.

Question 17

In an experiment, a rat receives food when it presses a lever in the presence of a 1100-Hz tone but not in the presence of a 1300-Hz tone. The 1100-Hz tone acts as the _____ while the 1300-Hz tone acts as the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  S∆; SD 
B)  SD; S∆ 
C)  SR; SD 
D)  SD; SR 
A)  S∆; SD 
B)  SD; S∆ 
C)  SR; SD 
D)  SD; SR

Question 18

What are the two explanations for the peak shift effect? Give two examples.

Accepted Answer

The peak shift effect can be explained b

Question 19

Becoming depressed following a break-up in a relationship most likely demonstrates the side effect of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous recovery 
B)  dishabituation 
C)  extinction 
D)  habituation 
A)  spontaneous recovery 
B)  dishabituation 
C)  extinction 
D)  habituation

Question 20

Stimulus control procedures for treating insomnia include

Accepted Answer

A)  going to bed at the same time every night regardless of how sleepy you are. 
B)  using the bed only for sleeping (or sex). 
C)  getting out of bed in the morning only when you no longer feel sleepy. 
D)  All of these are correct. 
A)  going to bed at the same time every night regardless of how sleepy you are. 
B)  using the bed only for sleeping (or sex). 
C)  getting out of bed in the morning only when you no longer feel sleepy. 
D)  All of these are correct.

The magnitude of a reinforcer is _____ related to resistance to extinction.

A multiple schedule consists of two or more independent schedules presented in sequence, each:

Extinction sometimes results in _, which is a common symptom of _.

A rat receives food when it presses a lever in the presence of a 900-Hz tone but not in the presence of a 1300-Hz tone. In a subsequent test of generalization, which of the following tones would most likely produce the highest rate of lever pressing?

Dwayne shows little interest in his girlfriend except when he perceives that she is becoming interested in somebody else. His behavior is best described as an example of a(n) _____.

Furomoto (1971) found that resistance to extinction for key pecking in pigeons

Which of the following is a useful practice for eliminating bedtime tantrums in young children?

Rickert and Johnson (1988) have shown that ignoring bedtime tantrums of young children

The statement "You do not appreciate what you have got until you are about to lose it" illustrates a(n) _____.

Following a discrimination training procedure in which a red key was established as the S^∆ and an orange key was established as the S^D, a test of generalization is conducted in which the strongest response occurs to a yellowish-orange key. This result is a demonstration of _____.

The behavior of leaving one's house every day at exactly 8:05 in the morning is an example of _____.

On a multiple VR 100 VI 60-sec schedule of reinforcement, the first component is changed to a VR 5 schedule. As a result, the rate of response on the VI 60-sec schedule will most likely _, illustrating a(n) _.

Why are extinction procedures for the elimination of bedtime tantrums difficult to implement?

One explanation for the peak shift effect is that the S^D is perceived as:

A major drawback to using extinction to eliminate bedtime tantrums is that

In an experiment, a rat receives food when it presses a lever in the presence of a 1100-Hz tone but not in the presence of a 1300-Hz tone. The 1100-Hz tone acts as the _ while the 1300-Hz tone acts as the _.

What are the two explanations for the peak shift effect? Give two examples.

Becoming depressed following a break-up in a relationship most likely demonstrates the side effect of _____.

Stimulus control procedures for treating insomnia include

Introduction

Research Methods

Elicited Behaviors and Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning Basic Phenomena and Various Complexities

Classical Conditioning Underlying Processes in Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning Introduction

Schedules and Theories of Reinforcement

Escape Avoidance and Punishment

Choice Matching and Self Control

Observational Learning and Rule Governed Behavior

Biological Dispositions in Learning

Comparative Cognition

Filters

Exam 8: Extinction and Stimulus Control

The magnitude of a reinforcer is _____ related to resistance to extinction.

A multiple schedule consists of two or more independent schedules presented in sequence, each:

Extinction sometimes results in _____, which is a common symptom of _____.

A rat receives food when it presses a lever in the presence of a 900-Hz tone but not in the presence of a 1300-Hz tone. In a subsequent test of generalization, which of the following tones would most likely produce the highest rate of lever pressing?

Dwayne shows little interest in his girlfriend except when he perceives that she is becoming interested in somebody else. His behavior is best described as an example of a(n) _____.

Furomoto (1971) found that resistance to extinction for key pecking in pigeons

Which of the following is a useful practice for eliminating bedtime tantrums in young children?

Rickert and Johnson (1988) have shown that ignoring bedtime tantrums of young children

The statement "You do not appreciate what you have got until you are about to lose it" illustrates a(n) _____.

Following a discrimination training procedure in which a red key was established as the S∆ and an orange key was established as the SD, a test of generalization is conducted in which the strongest response occurs to a yellowish-orange key. This result is a demonstration of _____.

The behavior of leaving one's house every day at exactly 8:05 in the morning is an example of _____.

On a multiple VR 100 VI 60-sec schedule of reinforcement, the first component is changed to a VR 5 schedule. As a result, the rate of response on the VI 60-sec schedule will most likely _____, illustrating a(n) _____.

Why are extinction procedures for the elimination of bedtime tantrums difficult to implement?

One explanation for the peak shift effect is that the SD is perceived as:

A major drawback to using extinction to eliminate bedtime tantrums is that

In an experiment, a rat receives food when it presses a lever in the presence of a 1100-Hz tone but not in the presence of a 1300-Hz tone. The 1100-Hz tone acts as the _____ while the 1300-Hz tone acts as the _____.

What are the two explanations for the peak shift effect? Give two examples.

Becoming depressed following a break-up in a relationship most likely demonstrates the side effect of _____.

Stimulus control procedures for treating insomnia include

Introduction

Research Methods

Elicited Behaviors and Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning Basic Phenomena and Various Complexities

Classical Conditioning Underlying Processes in Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning Introduction

Schedules and Theories of Reinforcement

Escape Avoidance and Punishment

Choice Matching and Self Control

Observational Learning and Rule Governed Behavior

Biological Dispositions in Learning

Comparative Cognition

Filters

Extinction sometimes results in _, which is a common symptom of _.

Following a discrimination training procedure in which a red key was established as the S^∆ and an orange key was established as the S^D, a test of generalization is conducted in which the strongest response occurs to a yellowish-orange key. This result is a demonstration of _____.

On a multiple VR 100 VI 60-sec schedule of reinforcement, the first component is changed to a VR 5 schedule. As a result, the rate of response on the VI 60-sec schedule will most likely _, illustrating a(n) _.

One explanation for the peak shift effect is that the S^D is perceived as:

In an experiment, a rat receives food when it presses a lever in the presence of a 1100-Hz tone but not in the presence of a 1300-Hz tone. The 1100-Hz tone acts as the _ while the 1300-Hz tone acts as the _.