Chat with AIExam 5: Classical Conditioning Underlying Processes in Classical Conditioning
Don was equally attracted to Sasha and Dominique, whom he dated separately. Over time, he learned to become very aroused by Sasha's style of dress and by Dominique's perfume. Later, he struck up a relationship with Marnie, who dressed like Sasha and wore the same perfume as Dominique. According to the Rescorla-Wagner theory, the amount of arousal Don experiences from the perfume alone will most likely _____.
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Define flooding therapy. What is the underlying process in flooding? Differentiate between imaginal and in vivo flooding.
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Answered by Examlex AI CopilotFlooding therapy is a type of exposure therapy used to treat anxiety disorders, phobias, and PTSD. It involves exposing the individual to their feared object or situation in a prolonged and intense manner until their anxiety decreases. The underlying process in flooding is based on the principle of extinction, where the individual's fear response is gradually reduced as they are repeatedly exposed to the feared stimulus without the expected negative consequences.
There are two main types of flooding therapy: imaginal and in vivo flooding. Imaginal flooding involves the individual vividly imagining the feared object or situation in a safe and controlled environment, while in vivo flooding involves direct exposure to the actual feared object or situation in real life. Both types of flooding aim to provoke the fear response in a controlled setting, allowing the individual to confront and eventually overcome their fears.
In summary, flooding therapy is a form of exposure therapy that aims to reduce anxiety by exposing individuals to their feared objects or situations. The underlying process in flooding is based on extinction, where repeated exposure leads to a decrease in the fear response. Imaginal and in vivo flooding are two different approaches to this therapy, with one involving imagined exposure and the other involving real-life exposure.
In order to overcome her addiction to hamburgers, Sheila imagines that the meat contains ground cockroaches. Which of the following therapeutic techniques does Sheila employ?
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Tammy used to love horror movies. One night, while watching her favorite horror movie, she became unusually fearful. Since then, she has found that whenever she is feeling stressed at work, she has nightmares of being chased by dead people. Which of the following processes explains Tammy's behavior?
(34) According to Pavlov's stimulus-substitution theory, the _____ acts as a substitute for the _____.
(32) Given that each drink contains the same amount of alcohol and that you drink each drink at the same rate, you will most likely get drunk quickly if you are drinking a(n) _____ drink.
(33) In keeping with the _____ model of conditioning, many drug fatalities occur when a person injects a normal dosage of the drug in a(n) _____ environment.
(32) Which of the following processes leads to the aggravation of previously mild fears?
(50) According to Freud's notions of psychic energy, the investment of more energy in the id (the instinctual component of personality) means that less energy is available for the ego (the rational component of personality). This model is analogous to the _____ theory of classical conditioning.
(26) Through the process of _____, a person's reactivity to a potentially fearful stimulus could increase following exposure to an unrelated stressful event.
(31) The procedure of _____ is also called contact desensitization.
(35) A click and a scent are each separately paired with a shock and conditioned to a maximum associative value. The click and scent are then combined into a compound stimulus and subjected to further pairings with the same shock. A likely result is that the associative value of one CS will _____ and the associative value of the other CS will _____.
(34) Valentine (1930) was unable to replicate Watson and Rayner's results when he attempted to condition his little daughter to become fearful of some inanimate objects. This provided some of the earliest evidence for the importance of _____ in phobic development.
(41) According to the Rescorla-Wagner theory of conditioning, blocking occurs because
(40) Lothar's job has recently become quite stressful. He notices that he is also developing a fear of driving during rush hours. Lothar's behavior is best described as an example of _________.
(34) According to the _____ theory, a given US can support only so much conditioning.
(34) Which of the following theories of conditioning is proved by the classical conditioning of compensatory responses?
(36) An aversive blast of air has a maximum associative value of 15 units. A compound stimulus consisting of a click and a scent is repeatedly paired with the puff of air, until the maximum conditioning has been reached. The scent acquires 13 units of associative value. This means that the click must have acquired _____ units of associative value which is an example of _____.
(38) According to the stimulus-substitution model of conditioning, the CS should elicit
(41) Sigmund Freud overcame his fear of heights using a process similar to _____.
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