Question 1

Describe an experiment that indicates inter-species differences in the formation of taste aversions.

Accepted Answer

One experiment that indicates inter-species differences in the formation of taste aversions is the study conducted by Garcia and Koelling in 1966. In this experiment, they exposed rats, quail, and monkeys to a novel taste (saccharin) followed by illness induced by radiation or drugs. They found that while rats and quail developed a strong aversion to the taste, the monkeys did not show the same level of aversion. This indicated that there are differences in the way different species form taste aversions, with some species being more sensitive to the association between taste and illness than others. This experiment highlights the importance of considering inter-species differences in the study of taste aversions and suggests that different species may have different mechanisms for learning and responding to taste aversions.

Question 2

From a behavior systems theory perspective, a dog's tendency to nip at people who attempt to take away its food:

Accepted Answer

A)  is simply a behavior that has been negatively reinforced by the removal of a person's hand. 
B)  probably indicates something about its self-perceived social status within the household. 
C)  is best eliminated through punishment. 
D)  most likely indicates the generalized activation of the dog's predatory system in the presence of food. 
A)  is simply a behavior that has been negatively reinforced by the removal of a person's hand. 
B)  probably indicates something about its self-perceived social status within the household. 
C)  is best eliminated through punishment. 
D)  most likely indicates the generalized activation of the dog's predatory system in the presence of food. B

Question 3

According to the concept of species-specific defense reaction, the act of freezing in a frightening situation is easily learned because it is actually a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  operant behavior. 
B)  elicited behavior. 
C)  negatively reinforced behavior. 
D)  negatively punished behavior. 
A)  operant behavior. 
B)  elicited behavior. 
C)  negatively reinforced behavior. 
D)  negatively punished behavior. B

Question 4

The term _____ refers to an apparently irrelevant activity sometimes exhibited by animals when confronted by conflict or thwarted from attaining a goal.

Accepted Answer

A)  latent inhibition 
B)  schedule-induced activity 
C)  instinctive drift 
D)  displacement activity 
A)  latent inhibition 
B)  schedule-induced activity 
C)  instinctive drift 
D)  displacement activity

Question 5

When the Brelands attempted to train a raccoon to drop a coin in a piggy bank, the coin became a(n) _____ for the raccoon's behavior of rubbing it between its paws.

Accepted Answer

A)  SD 
B)  SR 
C)  US 
D)  CS 
A)  SD 
B)  SR 
C)  US 
D)  CS

Question 6

Rosalie pours honey on her daughter's green beans in the hope that she will grow to like beans. This tactic is likely to be:

Accepted Answer

A)  ineffective. 
B)  ineffective only if the daughter used to like beans but somehow grew to dislike them. 
C)  relevant only if the daughter also receives a treat after eating the beans. 
D)  effective. 
A)  ineffective. 
B)  ineffective only if the daughter used to like beans but somehow grew to dislike them. 
C)  relevant only if the daughter also receives a treat after eating the beans. 
D)  effective.

Question 7

What is schedule-induced polydipsia, and what is the typical procedure for inducing it in rats?

Accepted Answer

Schedule-induced polydipsia is a behavio

Question 8

In keeping with the principle of _____, the _____ food item in a meal is less likely to evoke a taste aversion compared to the remaining food items.

Accepted Answer

A)  latent inhibition; strongest-tasting 
B)  overshadowing; mildest-tasting 
C)  blocking; most familiar 
D)  latent inhibition; most unfamiliar 
A)  latent inhibition; strongest-tasting 
B)  overshadowing; mildest-tasting 
C)  blocking; most familiar 
D)  latent inhibition; most unfamiliar

Question 9

Daniel eats some turkey gumbo while feeling nauseous because of a severe stomach flu. This experience:

Accepted Answer

A)  could well result in the development of a taste aversion. 
B)  is unlikely to result in the development of a taste aversion. 
C)  will likely result in a strong preference for turkey gumbo. 
D)  will result in the development of instinctive drift. 
A)  could well result in the development of a taste aversion. 
B)  is unlikely to result in the development of a taste aversion. 
C)  will likely result in a strong preference for turkey gumbo. 
D)  will result in the development of instinctive drift.

Question 10

Which of the following would most likely temporarily reduce activity levels in a rat suffering from activity anorexia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intermittent delivery of small amounts of food throughout the day 
B)  Changing the rat's diet to nutritionally deficient food 
C)  Injection of an endorphin blocker 
D)  Injection of a stimulant 
A)  Intermittent delivery of small amounts of food throughout the day 
B)  Changing the rat's diet to nutritionally deficient food 
C)  Injection of an endorphin blocker 
D)  Injection of a stimulant

Question 11

Critical factors involved in the development of activity anorexia in rats include:

Accepted Answer

A)  a preceding period of restricted mobility. 
B)  unrestricted access to food. 
C)  Both a and b are correct. 
D)  Neither a nor b is correct. 
A)  a preceding period of restricted mobility. 
B)  unrestricted access to food. 
C)  Both a and b are correct. 
D)  Neither a nor b is correct.

Question 12

Which of the following is a difference between anorexia nervosa in humans and activity anorexia in rats?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anorexic rats do not binge eat and then vomit, while anorexic humans sometimes do. 
B)  Anorexic rats do not maintain a strong interest in food, while anorexic humans do. 
C)  Anorexic rats display high activity levels, while anorexic humans do not. 
D)  All of these are correct. 
A)  Anorexic rats do not binge eat and then vomit, while anorexic humans sometimes do. 
B)  Anorexic rats do not maintain a strong interest in food, while anorexic humans do. 
C)  Anorexic rats display high activity levels, while anorexic humans do not. 
D)  All of these are correct.

Question 13

On _____ schedules of reinforcement, the delivery of each reinforcer is followed by a period of time during which another reinforcer is not available.

Accepted Answer

A)  variable interval 
B)  variable time 
C)  confidence interval 
D)  fixed time 
A)  variable interval 
B)  variable time 
C)  confidence interval 
D)  fixed time

Question 14

In keeping with the principle of _____, it is easier to condition a taste aversion to a(n) _____ food item.

Accepted Answer

A)  overshadowing; mild-tasting 
B)  latent inhibition; unfamiliar 
C)  blocking; bitter 
D)  None of these are correct. 
A)  overshadowing; mild-tasting 
B)  latent inhibition; unfamiliar 
C)  blocking; bitter 
D)  None of these are correct.

Question 15

Adjunctive behavior is also called _____ behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary 
B)  ancillary 
C)  schedule-induced 
D)  sign-tracked 
A)  secondary 
B)  ancillary 
C)  schedule-induced 
D)  sign-tracked

Question 16

How has knowledge about taste aversion conditioning been used to alleviate the development of taste aversions in patients undergoing chemotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Knowledge about taste aversion condition

Question 17

What is instinctive drift? Describe and diagram one of the Brelands' examples of instinctive drift.

Accepted Answer

Instinctive drift refers to the tendency

Question 18

An innate tendency to more readily associate certain types of stimuli with each other is a type of preparedness that is known as _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An innate tendency to more readily associate...

Question 19

Define adjunctive behavior. What other term is used to refer to this class of behavior?

Accepted Answer

Adjunctive behavior, also known as sched

Question 20

Research on activity anorexia suggests that people who are intent on losing weight safely should:

Accepted Answer

A)  eat one large meal per day as opposed to several small meals. 
B)  increase their exercise levels slowly. 
C)  follow a low-protein diet. 
D)  All of these are correct. 
A)  eat one large meal per day as opposed to several small meals. 
B)  increase their exercise levels slowly. 
C)  follow a low-protein diet. 
D)  All of these are correct.

Describe an experiment that indicates inter-species differences in the formation of taste aversions.

From a behavior systems theory perspective, a dog's tendency to nip at people who attempt to take away its food:

According to the concept of species-specific defense reaction, the act of freezing in a frightening situation is easily learned because it is actually a(n):

The term _____ refers to an apparently irrelevant activity sometimes exhibited by animals when confronted by conflict or thwarted from attaining a goal.

When the Brelands attempted to train a raccoon to drop a coin in a piggy bank, the coin became a(n) _____ for the raccoon's behavior of rubbing it between its paws.

Rosalie pours honey on her daughter's green beans in the hope that she will grow to like beans. This tactic is likely to be:

What is schedule-induced polydipsia, and what is the typical procedure for inducing it in rats?

In keeping with the principle of _, the _ food item in a meal is less likely to evoke a taste aversion compared to the remaining food items.

Daniel eats some turkey gumbo while feeling nauseous because of a severe stomach flu. This experience:

Which of the following would most likely temporarily reduce activity levels in a rat suffering from activity anorexia?

Critical factors involved in the development of activity anorexia in rats include:

Which of the following is a difference between anorexia nervosa in humans and activity anorexia in rats?

On _____ schedules of reinforcement, the delivery of each reinforcer is followed by a period of time during which another reinforcer is not available.

In keeping with the principle of _, it is easier to condition a taste aversion to a(n) _ food item.

Adjunctive behavior is also called _____ behavior.

How has knowledge about taste aversion conditioning been used to alleviate the development of taste aversions in patients undergoing chemotherapy?

What is instinctive drift? Describe and diagram one of the Brelands' examples of instinctive drift.

An innate tendency to more readily associate certain types of stimuli with each other is a type of preparedness that is known as _________.

Define adjunctive behavior. What other term is used to refer to this class of behavior?

Research on activity anorexia suggests that people who are intent on losing weight safely should:

Introduction

Research Methods

Elicited Behaviors and Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning Basic Phenomena and Various Complexities

Classical Conditioning Underlying Processes in Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning Introduction

Schedules and Theories of Reinforcement

Extinction and Stimulus Control

Escape Avoidance and Punishment

Choice Matching and Self Control

Observational Learning and Rule Governed Behavior

Comparative Cognition

Filters

Exam 12: Biological Dispositions in Learning

Describe an experiment that indicates inter-species differences in the formation of taste aversions.

From a behavior systems theory perspective, a dog's tendency to nip at people who attempt to take away its food:

According to the concept of species-specific defense reaction, the act of freezing in a frightening situation is easily learned because it is actually a(n):

The term _____ refers to an apparently irrelevant activity sometimes exhibited by animals when confronted by conflict or thwarted from attaining a goal.

When the Brelands attempted to train a raccoon to drop a coin in a piggy bank, the coin became a(n) _____ for the raccoon's behavior of rubbing it between its paws.

Rosalie pours honey on her daughter's green beans in the hope that she will grow to like beans. This tactic is likely to be:

What is schedule-induced polydipsia, and what is the typical procedure for inducing it in rats?

In keeping with the principle of _____, the _____ food item in a meal is less likely to evoke a taste aversion compared to the remaining food items.

Daniel eats some turkey gumbo while feeling nauseous because of a severe stomach flu. This experience:

Which of the following would most likely temporarily reduce activity levels in a rat suffering from activity anorexia?

Critical factors involved in the development of activity anorexia in rats include:

Which of the following is a difference between anorexia nervosa in humans and activity anorexia in rats?

On _____ schedules of reinforcement, the delivery of each reinforcer is followed by a period of time during which another reinforcer is not available.

In keeping with the principle of _____, it is easier to condition a taste aversion to a(n) _____ food item.

Adjunctive behavior is also called _____ behavior.

How has knowledge about taste aversion conditioning been used to alleviate the development of taste aversions in patients undergoing chemotherapy?

What is instinctive drift? Describe and diagram one of the Brelands' examples of instinctive drift.

An innate tendency to more readily associate certain types of stimuli with each other is a type of preparedness that is known as _________.

Define adjunctive behavior. What other term is used to refer to this class of behavior?

Research on activity anorexia suggests that people who are intent on losing weight safely should:

Introduction

Research Methods

Elicited Behaviors and Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning Basic Phenomena and Various Complexities

Classical Conditioning Underlying Processes in Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning Introduction

Schedules and Theories of Reinforcement

Extinction and Stimulus Control

Escape Avoidance and Punishment

Choice Matching and Self Control

Observational Learning and Rule Governed Behavior

Comparative Cognition

Filters

In keeping with the principle of _, the _ food item in a meal is less likely to evoke a taste aversion compared to the remaining food items.

In keeping with the principle of _, it is easier to condition a taste aversion to a(n) _ food item.