Question 1

Viruses can be genetically engineered to specifically target cancer cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Which of the following contributes to the variability of the immunoglobulins?

Accepted Answer

A)  A variety of different DNA sequences are physically attached together to generate a huge number of different antibody genes. 
B)  The linking regions between these DNA sequences are also highly variable. 
C)  The synthesis of mRNA in the antibody cells is very variable, producing many different proteins from one gene. 
D)  There are several hundred to one thousand different genes for the variable part of the antibody sequence. 
E)  All of these mechanisms contribute to the variety of antibodies in the immune system. 
A)  A variety of different DNA sequences are physically attached together to generate a huge number of different antibody genes. 
B)  The linking regions between these DNA sequences are also highly variable. 
C)  The synthesis of mRNA in the antibody cells is very variable, producing many different proteins from one gene. 
D)  There are several hundred to one thousand different genes for the variable part of the antibody sequence. 
E)  All of these mechanisms contribute to the variety of antibodies in the immune system. E

Question 3

Ebola virus is an example of a ________ virus

Accepted Answer

A)  non-enveloped DNA containing 
B)  enveloped DNA containing 
C)  non-enveloped RNA containing 
D)  enveloped RNA containing 
E)  none of these 
A)  non-enveloped DNA containing 
B)  enveloped DNA containing 
C)  non-enveloped RNA containing 
D)  enveloped RNA containing 
E)  none of these D

Question 4

​ Identify a true statement about viruses.

Accepted Answer

A)  Viruses can reproduce independently. 
B)  Viruses can generate energy independently. 
C)  Viruses contain both DNA and RNA. 
D)  Viruses are surrounded by a protein envelope. 
A)  Viruses can reproduce independently. 
B)  Viruses can generate energy independently. 
C)  Viruses contain both DNA and RNA. 
D)  Viruses are surrounded by a protein envelope.

Question 5

A viral genome is

Accepted Answer

A)  always double-stranded. 
B)  always single-stranded. 
C)  may be double or single stranded. 
D)  always made of DNA 
E)  always made of RNA 
A)  always double-stranded. 
B)  always single-stranded. 
C)  may be double or single stranded. 
D)  always made of DNA 
E)  always made of RNA

Question 6

Which of the following cells actually makes antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A)  T cells. 
B)  B cells. 
C)  NK cells. 
D)  Dendritic cells. 
A)  T cells. 
B)  B cells. 
C)  NK cells. 
D)  Dendritic cells.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of reverse transcriptase?

Accepted Answer

A)  It's involved in viral attachment to a host cell. 
B)  It uses an RNA template to make a double-stranded DNA. 
C)  It uses DNA to synthesize an RNA in the 3' → 5' direction. 
D)  It joins the gene segments that code for antibodies. 
A)  It's involved in viral attachment to a host cell. 
B)  It uses an RNA template to make a double-stranded DNA. 
C)  It uses DNA to synthesize an RNA in the 3' → 5' direction. 
D)  It joins the gene segments that code for antibodies.

Question 8

Which of the following is not related to ex vivo gene therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  gag genes 
B)  pol genes 
C)  MMLV 
D)  adenovirus 
E)  expression cassettes 
A)  gag genes 
B)  pol genes 
C)  MMLV 
D)  adenovirus 
E)  expression cassettes

Question 9

Which of the following is not a reason that AIDS has been difficult to erradicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is slow acting 
B)  the HIV reverse transcriptase is inaccurate 
C)  the gp120 protein makes a conformational change when it binds to the CD4 receptor causing antibodies to be ineffective 
D)  HIV evades the innate immune system 
E)  it gives the infected individual multiple symptoms within weeks of infection 
A)  It is slow acting 
B)  the HIV reverse transcriptase is inaccurate 
C)  the gp120 protein makes a conformational change when it binds to the CD4 receptor causing antibodies to be ineffective 
D)  HIV evades the innate immune system 
E)  it gives the infected individual multiple symptoms within weeks of infection

Question 10

Which of the following does not arise from a defect in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Allergies. 
B)  Sugar intolerance. 
C)  Autoimmune diseases. 
D)  Immunodeficiency. 
E)  All of these can be caused by defects in the immune system. 
A)  Allergies. 
B)  Sugar intolerance. 
C)  Autoimmune diseases. 
D)  Immunodeficiency. 
E)  All of these can be caused by defects in the immune system.

Question 11

Which of the following is the most direct reason that AIDS is deadly?

Accepted Answer

A)  HIV is a retrovirus 
B)  HIV enters helper T-cells 
C)  Budding HIV particles damage helper T-cell membranes lowering the helper T-cell count 
D)  HIV has an RNA genome 
E)  none of these explain why HIV is deadly 
A)  HIV is a retrovirus 
B)  HIV enters helper T-cells 
C)  Budding HIV particles damage helper T-cell membranes lowering the helper T-cell count 
D)  HIV has an RNA genome 
E)  none of these explain why HIV is deadly

Question 12

What is the function of protein spikes on a virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  They protect the genome. 
B)  They are involved with incorporation of the genome into that of host (lysogeny). 
C)  They transcribe the RNA genome into a DNA copy. 
D)  They help the virus attach to the host. 
A)  They protect the genome. 
B)  They are involved with incorporation of the genome into that of host (lysogeny). 
C)  They transcribe the RNA genome into a DNA copy. 
D)  They help the virus attach to the host.

Question 13

Herpes viruses are examples of _______ viruses.

Accepted Answer

A)  non-enveloped DNA containing 
B)  enveloped DNA containing 
C)  enveloped RNA containing 
D)  non-enveloped RNA containing 
E)  none of these 
A)  non-enveloped DNA containing 
B)  enveloped DNA containing 
C)  enveloped RNA containing 
D)  non-enveloped RNA containing 
E)  none of these

Question 14

​ Explain the role of killer T cells in building immunity against viral attacks.

Accepted Answer

Killer T cells destroy antigen-infected

Question 15

The ability of cancer cells to travel to other parts of the body and produce new tumors is called

Accepted Answer

A)  immortality. 
B)  oncogenesis. 
C)  metastasis. 
D)  suppression. 
A)  immortality. 
B)  oncogenesis. 
C)  metastasis. 
D)  suppression.

Question 16

Dendritic cells

Accepted Answer

A)  secrete cytokines, recruiting other cells to destroy microbes. 
B)  display antigens associated with MHC proteins. 
C)  produce antibodies. 
D)  bind to antigens, which leads to their proliferation. 
A)  secrete cytokines, recruiting other cells to destroy microbes. 
B)  display antigens associated with MHC proteins. 
C)  produce antibodies. 
D)  bind to antigens, which leads to their proliferation.

Question 17

Which of the following descriptions of T cells is true ?

Accepted Answer

A)  They produce interleukins. 
B)  They display MHCs. 
C)  They produce antibodies. 
D)  They act as either helper or killer cells. 
E)  They carry out all these functions. 
A)  They produce interleukins. 
B)  They display MHCs. 
C)  They produce antibodies. 
D)  They act as either helper or killer cells. 
E)  They carry out all these functions.

Question 18

The most successful use of gene therapy in humans so far involves the disease ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cystic fibrosis 
B)  diabetes 
C)  severe combined immunodeficiency 
D)  muscular dystrophy 
E)  none of these have had any success 
A)  cystic fibrosis 
B)  diabetes 
C)  severe combined immunodeficiency 
D)  muscular dystrophy 
E)  none of these have had any success

Question 19

Colds are commonly caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  SV40. 
B)  retroviruses. 
C)  coronaviruses. 
D)  rhinoviruses. 
A)  SV40. 
B)  retroviruses. 
C)  coronaviruses. 
D)  rhinoviruses.

Question 20

Antibodies have two binding sites to react with antigens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 14: Viruses Cancer and Immunology

Viruses can be genetically engineered to specifically target cancer cells.

Which of the following contributes to the variability of the immunoglobulins?

Ebola virus is an example of a ________ virus

​ Identify a true statement about viruses.

A viral genome is

Which of the following cells actually makes antibodies?

Which of the following best describes the function of reverse transcriptase?

Which of the following is not related to ex vivo gene therapy?

Which of the following is not a reason that AIDS has been difficult to erradicate?

Which of the following does not arise from a defect in the immune system?

Which of the following is the most direct reason that AIDS is deadly?

What is the function of protein spikes on a virus?

Herpes viruses are examples of _______ viruses.

​ Explain the role of killer T cells in building immunity against viral attacks.

The ability of cancer cells to travel to other parts of the body and produce new tumors is called

Dendritic cells

Which of the following descriptions of T cells is true ?

The most successful use of gene therapy in humans so far involves the disease ____.

Colds are commonly caused by

Antibodies have two binding sites to react with antigens.

Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells

Water the Solvent for Biochemical Reactions

Amino Acids and Peptides

The Three Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Purification and Characterization Techniques

The Behavior of Proteins Enzymes

The Behavior of Proteins Enzymes Mechanisms and Control

Lipids and Proteins Are Associated in Biological Membranes

Nucleic Acids How Structure Conveys Information

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids Replication

Transcription of the Genetic Code the Biosynthesis of Rna

Protein Synthesis Translation of the Genetic Message

Nucleic Acid Biotechnology Techniques

The Importance of Energy Changes and Electron Transfer in Metabolism

Carbohydrates

Glycolysis

Storage Mechanisms and Control in Carbohydrate Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Lipid Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Metabolism of Nitrogen

Integration of Metabolism Cellular Signaling

Filters

Identify a true statement about viruses.

Explain the role of killer T cells in building immunity against viral attacks.