Exam 1: Introducing Psychology

Which of the following best describes Maslow's concept of self-actualization?

After seeing a friend of yours being uncharacteristically quiet, you decide that your friend must be depressed. You later find out that your friend is not depressed but sleepy from staying up all night working on a term paper. You made this error because you failed to distinguish between observation and inference.

For most psychologists, control refers to

You have designed an experiment to test a new drug. You prepare the injection doses of the drug and a placebo and label them with different letters. Then, you hire research assistants to give the injections and to collect data from the participants. Neither the research assistants nor the participants will know which injection is the drug or the placebo, or whether a participant is in the experimental or the control group. You have

If the media reports that eating bacon is associated with colon cancer, one should

Your friend Amy has just failed her psychology test and does not understand how this could have happened. She reminds you that she looked over her notes while you were both watching television last night and then stayed up three more hours cramming in all those "terms" that are so hard to remember by recopying her notes. Amy finally says that "perhaps she studied too much and got confused." After reading about the reflective study strategies, explain how Amy can improve her study habits.

A system of ideas designed to interrelate concepts and facts in a way that summarizes existing data and predicts future observations is called a(n) __________.

Amanda is creating a written plan that allocates her time for study, work, sleep, eating, and leisure activities. Amanda is creating a(n) __________ schedule.

If a researcher finds a negative correlation between the number of hours that students play computer games and grades, this means that

A variable, such as the personality of a participant, that might affect the outcome of an experiment would be controlled by

Conlon and his colleagues conducted an experiment and found that goal-focused individuals lost more weight than did either achievement-focused or no-focus control individuals.These researchers also found that goal-focused individuals were more committed to reaching their goal weights. They interpreted their results as consistent with the findings of other studies on motivation and relevant to the design of health intervention programs. At this point in their research, Conlon and his associates are

Most students take reasonably good notes, but then they do not use them until just before a test.

Using a test she developed, Dr. Candel is able to distinguish among the students' different learning styles, that is, whether they are vision learners, auditory learners, tactile learners, etc. Dr. Candel is most likely a(n) __________ psychologist.

Critical thinking is a type of reflection that involves asking whether a particular belief can be supported by scientific theory and observation.

Because reports in the popular media tend to be made uncritically and with a definite bias toward reporting "astonishing" findings and telling interesting stories, a critical reader must be __________.

The predicted outcome of an experiment or an educated guess about what is controlling a behavior is called a(n)

Explain why so many students procrastinate and why perfectionism can lead to procrastination, list two remedies for avoiding procrastination and describe how to construct and use a weekly time schedule and a term schedule.

To be scientific, our observations must be

PsycINFO is offered by the American Psychological Association (APA) and provides summaries of the scientific and scholarly literature in psychology.

Cause-and-effect relationships regarding human behavior are determined through the use of which of the following research methods?