Question 1

Cardiac muscle undergoes fast, synchronous contractions stimulated by ion flow. Which type of cellular junction is essential for achieving this action in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  gap junctions 
B)  tight junctions 
C)  plasmodesmata 
D)  adhering junctions 
E)  desmosomes 
A)  gap junctions 
B)  tight junctions 
C)  plasmodesmata 
D)  adhering junctions 
E)  desmosomes

Question 2

The organelle that pinches off portions of its membrane to form a vesicle used for storage or transport is the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondrion 
B)  chloroplast 
C)  nucleus 
D)  Golgi body 
E)  ribosome 
A)  mitochondrion 
B)  chloroplast 
C)  nucleus 
D)  Golgi body 
E)  ribosome

Question 3

Due to the molecular interactions between lipids and polar molecules, _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  water molecules isolate themselves into droplets when mixed with lipids 
B)  lipids readily dissolve in water 
C)  nonpolar lipids will not interact with water 
D)  polar substances pass through a lipid bilayer more readily than nonpolar substances 
E)  polar molecules embed in the hydrophobic interior of the phospholipid bilayer 
A)  water molecules isolate themselves into droplets when mixed with lipids 
B)  lipids readily dissolve in water 
C)  nonpolar lipids will not interact with water 
D)  polar substances pass through a lipid bilayer more readily than nonpolar substances 
E)  polar molecules embed in the hydrophobic interior of the phospholipid bilayer

Question 4

Peptic ulcers are caused by damage to the wall of the stomach by the acids that help digest food. This can be caused by the failure of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  tight junctions 
B)  adhering junctions 
C)  gap junctions 
D)  plasmodesmata 
E)  adhering and gap junctions 
A)  tight junctions 
B)  adhering junctions 
C)  gap junctions 
D)  plasmodesmata 
E)  adhering and gap junctions

Question 5

A protein is synthesized on a ribosome within the rough endoplasmic reticulum. If the protein needs to be modified and packaged before export from the cell, to which structure is it sent?

Accepted Answer

A)  endosome 
B)  lysosome 
C)  Golgi body 
D)  nucleus 
E)  smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
A)  endosome 
B)  lysosome 
C)  Golgi body 
D)  nucleus 
E)  smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

Which organisms are the most diverse forms of life?

Accepted Answer

A)  protists 
B)  fungi 
C)  animals 
D)  bacteria and archaea 
E)  plants 
A)  protists 
B)  fungi 
C)  animals 
D)  bacteria and archaea 
E)  plants

Question 7

The plasma membrane _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  controls the contents of the cell 
B)  is composed mostly of cholesterol 
C)  is permeable to ions and polar molecules 
D)  is free of proteins 
E)  is rigid and impermeable 
A)  controls the contents of the cell 
B)  is composed mostly of cholesterol 
C)  is permeable to ions and polar molecules 
D)  is free of proteins 
E)  is rigid and impermeable

Question 8

Archaea were given their own separate domain because they are ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  considered a type of bacteria 
B)  most closely related to eukaryotes 
C)  multicellular 
D)  nucleated 
E)  not prokaryotic 
A)  considered a type of bacteria 
B)  most closely related to eukaryotes 
C)  multicellular 
D)  nucleated 
E)  not prokaryotic

Question 9

The development of the nervous system requires the migration and lengthening of neuronal cells. These events are driven by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  pseudopods 
B)  motor proteins 
C)  flagella 
D)  intermediate filaments 
E)  microfilaments 
A)  pseudopods 
B)  motor proteins 
C)  flagella 
D)  intermediate filaments 
E)  microfilaments

Question 10

The enzyme catalase functions in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide, a toxic by-product of fatty acid digestion. In which cellular organelle is catalase found?

Accepted Answer

A)  Golgi body 
B)  peroxisome 
C)  lysosome 
D)  ribosome 
E)  mitochondrion 
A)  Golgi body 
B)  peroxisome 
C)  lysosome 
D)  ribosome 
E)  mitochondrion

Question 11

How do archaeal and eukaryotic cell membranes differ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Archaeal membrane phospholipids form covalent bonds with one another, but eukaryotic membrane phospholipids do not. 
B)  Eukaryotic membrane phospholipids are not composed of fatty acids, but archaeal membrane phospholipids are. 
C)  Archaeal phospholipids move freely throughout the bilayer, but eukaryotic membrane phospholipids are stationary. 
D)  Archaeal, but not eukaryotic, membranes are described by the fluid mosaic model. 
E)  Eukaryotic membranes are less fluid than archaeal membranes. 
A)  Archaeal membrane phospholipids form covalent bonds with one another, but eukaryotic membrane phospholipids do not. 
B)  Eukaryotic membrane phospholipids are not composed of fatty acids, but archaeal membrane phospholipids are. 
C)  Archaeal phospholipids move freely throughout the bilayer, but eukaryotic membrane phospholipids are stationary. 
D)  Archaeal, but not eukaryotic, membranes are described by the fluid mosaic model. 
E)  Eukaryotic membranes are less fluid than archaeal membranes.

Question 12

The presence of circular DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts suggests that these organelles evolved from ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria 
B)  nuclei 
C)  single-celled eukaryotes 
D)  anaerobic microorganisms 
E)  archaea 
A)  bacteria 
B)  nuclei 
C)  single-celled eukaryotes 
D)  anaerobic microorganisms 
E)  archaea

Question 13

Because the smooth ER does not contain ____, it cannot produce proteins.

Accepted Answer

A)  Golgi bodies 
B)  mitochondria 
C)  ribosomes 
D)  DNA 
E)  lysosomes 
A)  Golgi bodies 
B)  mitochondria 
C)  ribosomes 
D)  DNA 
E)  lysosomes

Question 14

Why are adhering junctions common in tissues subject to constant abrasion or stretching, such as skin?

Accepted Answer

A)  These cells need to communicate by allowing cytoplasm to flow between adjacent cells. 
B)  The cells in these tissues require strong cell-to-cell junctions to hold them together. 
C)  Adhering junctions prevent harsh enzymes from flowing between adjacent cells. 
D)  These tissues do not have basement membranes. 
E)  Adhering junctions allow production of a protective cuticle. 
A)  These cells need to communicate by allowing cytoplasm to flow between adjacent cells. 
B)  The cells in these tissues require strong cell-to-cell junctions to hold them together. 
C)  Adhering junctions prevent harsh enzymes from flowing between adjacent cells. 
D)  These tissues do not have basement membranes. 
E)  Adhering junctions allow production of a protective cuticle.

Exam 3: Cell Structure

Cardiac muscle undergoes fast, synchronous contractions stimulated by ion flow. Which type of cellular junction is essential for achieving this action in cardiac muscle?

The organelle that pinches off portions of its membrane to form a vesicle used for storage or transport is the ____.

Due to the molecular interactions between lipids and polar molecules, _____.

Peptic ulcers are caused by damage to the wall of the stomach by the acids that help digest food. This can be caused by the failure of ____.

A protein is synthesized on a ribosome within the rough endoplasmic reticulum. If the protein needs to be modified and packaged before export from the cell, to which structure is it sent?

Which organisms are the most diverse forms of life?

The plasma membrane _____.

Archaea were given their own separate domain because they are ____.

The development of the nervous system requires the migration and lengthening of neuronal cells. These events are driven by ____.

The enzyme catalase functions in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide, a toxic by-product of fatty acid digestion. In which cellular organelle is catalase found?

How do archaeal and eukaryotic cell membranes differ?

The presence of circular DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts suggests that these organelles evolved from ____.

Because the smooth ER does not contain ____, it cannot produce proteins.

Why are adhering junctions common in tissues subject to constant abrasion or stretching, such as skin?

Invitation to Biology

Molecules of Life

Energy and Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Releasing Chemical Energy

Dna Structure and Function

Gene Expression and Control

How Cells Reproduce

Patterns of Inheritance

Biotechnology

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Prokaryotes, Protists, and Viruses

Plants and Fungi

Animal Evolution

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

The Biosphere and Human Effects

Animal Tissues and Organs

How Animals Move

Circulation and Respiration

Immunity

Digestion and Excretion

Neural Control and the Senses

Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction and Development

Plant Form and Function

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Filters