Question 1

Genetic testing by ____ can be performed earliest in pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

A)  amniocentesis 
B)  obstetric sonography 
C)  fetoscopy 
D)  chorionic villus sampling 
E)  preimplantation genetic diagnosis 
A)  amniocentesis 
B)  obstetric sonography 
C)  fetoscopy 
D)  chorionic villus sampling 
E)  preimplantation genetic diagnosis

Question 2

Narrative:
Achondroplasia, a hereditary form of dwarfism, is an autosomal dominant disorder; however homozygous dominant individuals either die before birth or very shortly thereafter. The homozygous recessive condition is normal. A dwarf couple decide to have children. Use this information to answer the following question:
Of the children of this couple who survive, what is probability that they will be affected by achondroplasia?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  ¼ 
C)  1/3 
D)  2/3 
E)  ½ 
A)  0 
B)  ¼ 
C)  1/3 
D)  2/3 
E)  ½

Question 3

The failure of which organ affected by a defective CFTR protein is likely to cause death in cystic fibrosis patients?

Accepted Answer

A)  lungs 
B)  intestines 
C)  heart 
D)  liver 
E)  reproductive system 
A)  lungs 
B)  intestines 
C)  heart 
D)  liver 
E)  reproductive system

Question 4

In a pedigree chart, a male who demonstrates the trait being studied is represented by a ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  darkened square 
B)  darkened diamond 
C)  clear circle 
D)  clear square 
E)  darkened circle 
A)  darkened square 
B)  darkened diamond 
C)  clear circle 
D)  clear square 
E)  darkened circle

Question 5

Amniocentesis involves sampling ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the embryo at the eight-cell stage 
B)  fetal cells in the amniotic fluid 
C)  sperm or egg cells 
D)  fetal skin tissue 
E)  placental cells 
A)  the embryo at the eight-cell stage 
B)  fetal cells in the amniotic fluid 
C)  sperm or egg cells 
D)  fetal skin tissue 
E)  placental cells

Question 6

Geneticists use ____ to study the genetics of families through generations.

Accepted Answer

A)  Punnett squares 
B)  pedigrees 
C)  karyotypes 
D)  DNA profiles 
E)  fossil analyses 
A)  Punnett squares 
B)  pedigrees 
C)  karyotypes 
D)  DNA profiles 
E)  fossil analyses

Question 7

In codominance, ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  one allele is dominant to another allele 
B)  the genotype is determined by the phenotype 
C)  the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate to the homozygous phenotypes 
D)  the intermediate phenotype may be the result of enzyme insufficiency 
E)  two alleles may be equally expressed 
A)  one allele is dominant to another allele 
B)  the genotype is determined by the phenotype 
C)  the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate to the homozygous phenotypes 
D)  the intermediate phenotype may be the result of enzyme insufficiency 
E)  two alleles may be equally expressed

Question 8

If tall ( D ) is dominant to dwarf ( d ), and two homozygous varieties DD and dd are crossed, the progeny produced will be____.

Accepted Answer

A)  all intermediate forms 
B)  all tall 
C)  all dwarf 
D)  1/2 tall and 1/2 dwarf 
E)  3/4 tall and 1/4 dwarf 
A)  all intermediate forms 
B)  all tall 
C)  all dwarf 
D)  1/2 tall and 1/2 dwarf 
E)  3/4 tall and 1/4 dwarf

Question 9

In a person with cystic fibrosis, the CFTR mutation causes the protein to be ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  embedded in the plasma membrane 
B)  destroyed in the endoplasmic reticulum 
C)  shuttled to the nuclear membrane instead of the plasma membrane 
D)  shuttled to the plasma membrane instead of the nuclear membrane 
E)  expelled from the cell by exocytosis before it can do its job 
A)  embedded in the plasma membrane 
B)  destroyed in the endoplasmic reticulum 
C)  shuttled to the nuclear membrane instead of the plasma membrane 
D)  shuttled to the plasma membrane instead of the nuclear membrane 
E)  expelled from the cell by exocytosis before it can do its job

Question 10

Suppose a single nondisjunction event occurs during anaphase II of meiosis in a normal male cell from meiosis I. Of the resulting sperm, ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  three would be normal and one would have an extra chromosome 
B)  two would be normal, one would have an extra chromosome, and one would be missing a chromosome 
C)  two would have an extra chromosome and two would be missing a chromosome 
D)  all four sperm would have an extra chromosome 
E)  three would have an extra chromosome and one would be normal 
A)  three would be normal and one would have an extra chromosome 
B)  two would be normal, one would have an extra chromosome, and one would be missing a chromosome 
C)  two would have an extra chromosome and two would be missing a chromosome 
D)  all four sperm would have an extra chromosome 
E)  three would have an extra chromosome and one would be normal

Question 11

If a pure-breeding wired-hair terrier ( WW ) is crossed with a pure-breeding smooth-hair terrier (ww), and a puppy with a wavy hair is produced, the simplest explanation is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a mutation has occurred 
B)  hair texture is an X-linked trait 
C)  incomplete dominance 
D)  hair texture is a lethal trait 
E)  codominance 
A)  a mutation has occurred 
B)  hair texture is an X-linked trait 
C)  incomplete dominance 
D)  hair texture is a lethal trait 
E)  codominance

Question 12

The ease of detecting and treating ____ is a good example of the advantages of genetic screening.

Accepted Answer

A)  PKU 
B)  Tay-Sachs 
C)  Marfan syndrome 
D)  color blindness 
E)  Down syndrome 
A)  PKU 
B)  Tay-Sachs 
C)  Marfan syndrome 
D)  color blindness 
E)  Down syndrome

Question 13

In cats, short hair L is dominant to long hair l and black hair B is dominant to brown hair b . If you found a black, short-haired cat, you could determine his genotype by crossing it to an animal with a genotype of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  LLBB 
B)  llBB 
C)  llBb 
D)  llbb 
E)  LLbb 
A)  LLBB 
B)  llBB 
C)  llBb 
D)  llbb 
E)  LLbb

Question 14

An autosomal recessive disorder ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  requires that only one parent be a carrier 
B)  displays its symptoms in heterozygotes 
C)  is more frequent in males than females 
D)  requires that both parents are carriers 
E)  only affects females 
A)  requires that only one parent be a carrier 
B)  displays its symptoms in heterozygotes 
C)  is more frequent in males than females 
D)  requires that both parents are carriers 
E)  only affects females

Question 15

An allele is ____ if its effect masks that of a ____ allele paired with it.

Accepted Answer

A)  recessive; codominant 
B)  codominant; recessive 
C)  recessive; dominant 
D)  dominant; recessive 
E)  incompletely recessive; dominant 
A)  recessive; codominant 
B)  codominant; recessive 
C)  recessive; dominant 
D)  dominant; recessive 
E)  incompletely recessive; dominant

Question 16

A(n) ____ is an offspring of a cross between two individuals that breed true for different forms of a given trait.

Accepted Answer

A)  homozygote 
B)  recessive 
C)  hybrid 
D)  phenotype 
E)  genotype 
A)  homozygote 
B)  recessive 
C)  hybrid 
D)  phenotype 
E)  genotype

Question 17

The mutation that causes the lighter skin color of all people of European descent was the result of a ____ in the gene for a melanin transport protein.

Accepted Answer

A)  base-pair substitution 
B)  insertion 
C)  deletion 
D)  whole chromosome duplication 
E)  multiple gene mutations involving several mechanisms 
A)  base-pair substitution 
B)  insertion 
C)  deletion 
D)  whole chromosome duplication 
E)  multiple gene mutations involving several mechanisms

Question 18

Match between columns
                        Premises: the particular alleles carried by an individual
a range of small differences in a shared trait
condition in which one allele is not fully dominant over another; the heterozygous phenotype appears to be a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes
a chromosome abnormality in which there are too many or too few copies of a particular chromosome
refers to two alleles that are both fully expressed in heterozygous individuals
refers to a gene whose product influences multiple genes
experiment in which individuals who have different alleles for two genes are crossed
two different alleles of a given gene
the set of symptoms that characterize a genetic disease
effect in which a trait is influenced by the product of multiple genes

Accepted Answer

The Answer of aneuploidy and codominance and continuous variation and is...

Question 19

Observable traits are known in genetics as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  phenotypes 
B)  genotypes 
C)  homozygous 
D)  heterozygous 
E)  homozygous genotypes 
A)  phenotypes 
B)  genotypes 
C)  homozygous 
D)  heterozygous 
E)  homozygous genotypes

Question 20

The probability of producing a normal child by two parents who are carriers for an autosomal recessive disorder is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  0  percent 
B)  25  percent 
C)  50  percent 
D)  75  percent 
E)  100  percent 
A)  0  percent 
B)  25  percent 
C)  50  percent 
D)  75  percent 
E)  100  percent

Exam 10: Patterns of Inheritance

Genetic testing by ____ can be performed earliest in pregnancy.

The failure of which organ affected by a defective CFTR protein is likely to cause death in cystic fibrosis patients?

In a pedigree chart, a male who demonstrates the trait being studied is represented by a ____.

Amniocentesis involves sampling ____.

Geneticists use ____ to study the genetics of families through generations.

In codominance, ____.

If tall ( D ) is dominant to dwarf ( d ), and two homozygous varieties DD and dd are crossed, the progeny produced will be____.

In a person with cystic fibrosis, the CFTR mutation causes the protein to be ____.

Suppose a single nondisjunction event occurs during anaphase II of meiosis in a normal male cell from meiosis I. Of the resulting sperm, ____.

If a pure-breeding wired-hair terrier ( WW ) is crossed with a pure-breeding smooth-hair terrier (ww), and a puppy with a wavy hair is produced, the simplest explanation is ____.

The ease of detecting and treating ____ is a good example of the advantages of genetic screening.

In cats, short hair L is dominant to long hair l and black hair B is dominant to brown hair b . If you found a black, short-haired cat, you could determine his genotype by crossing it to an animal with a genotype of ____.

An autosomal recessive disorder ____.

An allele is ____ if its effect masks that of a ____ allele paired with it.

A(n) ____ is an offspring of a cross between two individuals that breed true for different forms of a given trait.

The mutation that causes the lighter skin color of all people of European descent was the result of a ____ in the gene for a melanin transport protein.

Observable traits are known in genetics as ____.

The probability of producing a normal child by two parents who are carriers for an autosomal recessive disorder is ____.

Invitation to Biology

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Energy and Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Releasing Chemical Energy

Dna Structure and Function

Gene Expression and Control

How Cells Reproduce

Biotechnology

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Prokaryotes, Protists, and Viruses

Plants and Fungi

Animal Evolution

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

The Biosphere and Human Effects

Animal Tissues and Organs

How Animals Move

Circulation and Respiration

Immunity

Digestion and Excretion

Neural Control and the Senses

Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction and Development

Plant Form and Function

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Filters

An allele is if its effect masks that of a allele paired with it.