Question 1

What does it mean that the genetic code is "highly conserved"?

Accepted Answer

A) it is almost universal and has not changed in millions of years 
B) it resists modification from environmental mutagens 
C) organisms can only use it a certain number of times 
D) all organisms and organelles - without exception - have the exact same genetic code 
E) the products of the genetic code - proteins - are almost the same in all organisms 
A) it is almost universal and has not changed in millions of years 
B) it resists modification from environmental mutagens 
C) organisms can only use it a certain number of times 
D) all organisms and organelles - without exception - have the exact same genetic code 
E) the products of the genetic code - proteins - are almost the same in all organisms A

Question 2

In the figure above, the process indicated by number 1 is _____, while the process indicated by number 2 is _____.

Accepted Answer

A) translation; transcription 
B) translation; transformation 
C) transcription; translation 
D) transcription; transformation 
E) transformation; translation 
A) translation; transcription 
B) translation; transformation 
C) transcription; translation 
D) transcription; transformation 
E) transformation; translation C

Question 3

Which RNA acts as an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A) mRNA 
B) rRNA 
C) tRNA 
D) mRNA and rRNA 
E) rRNA and tRNA 
A) mRNA 
B) rRNA 
C) tRNA 
D) mRNA and rRNA 
E) rRNA and tRNA B

Question 4

Many ribosome-inactivating proteins are not toxic to humans because _____.

Accepted Answer

A) we have enzymes to detoxify them 
B) they are very rare in nature 
C) they are sequestered by white blood cells 
D) they are rapidly metabolized 
E) they do not cross cell membranes very well 
A) we have enzymes to detoxify them 
B) they are very rare in nature 
C) they are sequestered by white blood cells 
D) they are rapidly metabolized 
E) they do not cross cell membranes very well

Question 5

Which of the following carries amino acids to ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

A) mRNA 
B) tRNA 
C) hnRNA 
D) rRNA 
E) all of these 
A) mRNA 
B) tRNA 
C) hnRNA 
D) rRNA 
E) all of these

Question 6

Transcription factors bind to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) promoters 
B) stop codons 
C) start codons 
D) poly-A tails 
E) introns 
A) promoters 
B) stop codons 
C) start codons 
D) poly-A tails 
E) introns

Question 7

Internationally, the use of ricin as a weapon is banned in most countries according to the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) Madrid protocol 
B) Paris protocol 
C) Kyoto protocol 
D) Geneva protocol 
E) Vienna protocol 
A) Madrid protocol 
B) Paris protocol 
C) Kyoto protocol 
D) Geneva protocol 
E) Vienna protocol

Question 8

In sickle cell anemia, what happens to the hemoglobin molecule that causes the red blood cell to sickle?

Accepted Answer

A) a small part of it becomes hydrophobic 
B) a small part of it becomes hydrophilic 
C) a small part of it becomes polar 
D) a small part of it becomes negatively charged 
E) a small part of it becomes positively charged 
A) a small part of it becomes hydrophobic 
B) a small part of it becomes hydrophilic 
C) a small part of it becomes polar 
D) a small part of it becomes negatively charged 
E) a small part of it becomes positively charged

Question 9

Eukaryotic post-transcriptional modifications occur in the _____.

Accepted Answer

A) cytoplasm 
B) mitochondria 
C) nucleus 
D) ribosome 
E) endoplasmic reticulum 
A) cytoplasm 
B) mitochondria 
C) nucleus 
D) ribosome 
E) endoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

During elongation, ribosomes catalyze formation of a ____ bond between an amino acid and the growing polypeptide.

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen 
B) peptide 
C) polar covalent 
D) non-polar covalent 
E) sulfur 
A) hydrogen 
B) peptide 
C) polar covalent 
D) non-polar covalent 
E) sulfur

Question 11

A ribosome contains _____.

Accepted Answer

A) RNA only 
B) DNA only 
C) proteins only 
D) RNA and proteins 
E) RNA, DNA, and proteins 
A) RNA only 
B) DNA only 
C) proteins only 
D) RNA and proteins 
E) RNA, DNA, and proteins

Question 12

Mutations in an exon region of a gene are most likely to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) prevent mRNA from being synthesized 
B) trap mRNA inside the nucleus 
C) prevent mRNA from being recognized by the ribosome 
D) prevent mRNA from being post-transcriptionally modified 
E) alter the amino acid sequence 
A) prevent mRNA from being synthesized 
B) trap mRNA inside the nucleus 
C) prevent mRNA from being recognized by the ribosome 
D) prevent mRNA from being post-transcriptionally modified 
E) alter the amino acid sequence

Question 13

Match between columns
                        Premises: a tRNA triplet complementary to a mRNA codon

Accepted Answer

The Answer of translation and anticodon and rRNA and messenger is...

Question 14

Which process is responsible for the conversion of DNA information into messenger RNA?

Accepted Answer

A) replication 
B) transcription 
C) duplication 
D) translation 
E) synthesis 
A) replication 
B) transcription 
C) duplication 
D) translation 
E) synthesis

Question 15

As the polypeptide is elongating during translation, what is the ribosome doing?

Accepted Answer

A) removing incorrectly added amino acids 
B) moving along the mRNA transcript bonding amino acids to each other 
C) travelling back and forth between the nucleus and the growing polypeptide with information on which amino acids to add 
D) removing the non-coding introns 
E) breaking hydrogen bonds between the tRNA and the mRNA 
A) removing incorrectly added amino acids 
B) moving along the mRNA transcript bonding amino acids to each other 
C) travelling back and forth between the nucleus and the growing polypeptide with information on which amino acids to add 
D) removing the non-coding introns 
E) breaking hydrogen bonds between the tRNA and the mRNA

Question 16

Transcription starts at a region of DNA called a(n)_____.

Accepted Answer

A) sequencer 
B) promoter 
C) activator 
D) terminator 
E) transcriber 
A) sequencer 
B) promoter 
C) activator 
D) terminator 
E) transcriber

Question 17

The difference between normal and sickle-cell hemoglobin is _____.

Accepted Answer

A) the number of amino acids in the molecule 
B) the substitution of one amino acid for another 
C) the number and orientation of the amino acid chains attached to the heme portion of the molecule 
D) the number of oxygen molecules that can be carried 
E) the types of blood cells that produce each protein 
A) the number of amino acids in the molecule 
B) the substitution of one amino acid for another 
C) the number and orientation of the amino acid chains attached to the heme portion of the molecule 
D) the number of oxygen molecules that can be carried 
E) the types of blood cells that produce each protein

Question 18

The activity of the ribosome in translation is analogous to a(n)_____.

Accepted Answer

A) assembly line 
B) dance 
C) planet racing around the sun 
D) foot race 
E) chess game 
A) assembly line 
B) dance 
C) planet racing around the sun 
D) foot race 
E) chess game

Question 19

How many different amino acids are found in humans?

Accepted Answer

A) 4 
B) 8 
C) 12 
D) 16 
E) 20 
A) 4 
B) 8 
C) 12 
D) 16 
E) 20

Question 20

Match between columns
                        Premises: Which type of mutation replaces glutamic acid with valine in beta globin proteins in individuals with sickle-cell anemia?

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Base-pair substitution and Deletion only and Frame-shift is...

Exam 7: Gene Expression and Control

What does it mean that the genetic code is "highly conserved"?

In the figure above, the process indicated by number 1 is _____, while the process indicated by number 2 is _____.

Which RNA acts as an enzyme?

Many ribosome-inactivating proteins are not toxic to humans because _____.

Which of the following carries amino acids to ribosomes?

Transcription factors bind to _____.

Internationally, the use of ricin as a weapon is banned in most countries according to the ____.

In sickle cell anemia, what happens to the hemoglobin molecule that causes the red blood cell to sickle?

Eukaryotic post-transcriptional modifications occur in the _____.

During elongation, ribosomes catalyze formation of a ____ bond between an amino acid and the growing polypeptide.

A ribosome contains _____.

Mutations in an exon region of a gene are most likely to _____.

Which process is responsible for the conversion of DNA information into messenger RNA?

As the polypeptide is elongating during translation, what is the ribosome doing?

Transcription starts at a region of DNA called a(n)_____.

The difference between normal and sickle-cell hemoglobin is _____.

The activity of the ribosome in translation is analogous to a(n)_____.

How many different amino acids are found in humans?

Invitation to Biology

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Energy and Metabolism

Capturing and Releasing Energy

Dna Structure and Function

How Cells Reproduce

Patterns of Inheritance

Biotechnology

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Early Life Forms and the Viruses

Plants and Fungi

Animal Evolution

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

The Biosphere and Human Effects

Animal Tissues and Organs

How Animals Move

Circulation and Respiration

Immunity

Digestion and Excretion

Neural Control and the Senses

Endocrine Control

Reproduction and Development

Plant Form and Function

Plant Reproduction and Development

Filters

In the figure above, the process indicated by number 1 is _, while the process indicated by number 2 is _.