Exam 1: Crime and Criminology

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Identify and discuss how criminologists approach the role of the victim in crime.

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(1) Using victim surveys to measure the nature and extent of criminal behavior not reported to police.
(2) Calculating the actual costs of crime to victims.
(3) Measuring the factors that increase the likelihood of becoming a victim.
(4) Studying the role of the victim in causing his or her victimization.
(5) Designing services for victims of crime, such as counseling and compensation programs.

Briefly trace the development of criminal law.

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Criminal law has been recognized for more than 3,000 years. The Code of Hammurabi was the first code, established on physical retaliation. The Mosaic Code is the basis for the U.S. legal system. The present English system of law came into existence in the 1100s, when judges published their decisions, thus creating a body of common law.

A highly controversial book authored by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray was:

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A

Actus reus refers to "a guilty mind."

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The _________ view of crime states that crimes are behaviors believed to be repugnant to all elements of society.

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_______________ are based on verified social facts and readily observed phenomena that can be consistently quantified and measured.

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Discuss through the use of an example a strict liability crime.

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The influence of ________ leads to an increase in the public's fear of crime.

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An individual has his dog, which has never bitten before, off-leash, and it bites someone. This is an example of a(n):

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Criminology is also related to the study of __________________ behaviors or those actions that depart from social norms, values, beliefs, and customs.

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All crimes are deviant behaviors.

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According to the interactionist view of crime, individuals or groups who wage campaigns to control behaviors viewed as immoral or wrong are referred to as ______________________.

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Heath Miller and Gregory Polanco were the first to suggest that victim behavior is often a key determinant in crime.

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Discuss the role of moral entrepreneurs in the legal process. Use an example in your discussion.

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Criminologists have been trained in diverse fields-sociology, criminal justice, political science, psychology, public policy, economics, and even the natural sciences--because criminology is a(n) __________________ science.

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According to the ____ view, examples of a "real" crime would be violations of human dignity and police brutality.

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Discuss the social goals of criminal law.

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Criminologists try to create valid and ___________ measurements of criminal behavior by accessing records, research, and statistical data to understand patterns and trends.

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The interactionist view of crime is similar to the _____________ in that both suggest that behavior is outlawed and considered criminal when it offends people who hold social, economic, and political power.

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A serious offense punishable by a prison sentence, or perhaps capital punishment, is known as a:

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