Exam 8: Social Conflict, Critical Criminology, and Restorative Justice

Which of the following is defined by law as criminal and committed by state officials, either elected or appointed, in pursuit of their jobs as government representatives?

Some experts believe that globalization can improve the standard of living in third-world nations by providing jobs and training .

Rather than punish law violators harshly and make them outcasts of society, peacemakers look for ways to bring them back to the community. This peacemaking movement has adopted nonviolent methods and applied them to what is known as _______________.

Critical thinkers believe that the key crime-producing element of modern corporate capitalism is the effort to create _____________________.

Peacemaking criminologists view the efforts of the state to punish and control crime as crime-encouraging rather than crime-discouraging.

___________________ are those acts defined by law as criminal and committed by state officials, either elected or appointed, in pursuit of their jobs as government representatives.

According to Marxist theory, class does not refer to an attribute of a person; rather, it is one's position in relation to others.

Research has found that jurisdictions with significant levels of economic disparity are also the most likely to have large numbers of people killed by police officers.

Describe Marx's economic theory and how conflict criminologists associate Marxist thought with crime. Connect Marxist thought with the issue of globalization.

What are the important themes and concepts to which critical criminologists devote their attention today?

Ralf Dahrendorf argued that modern society is organized into a plurality of competing __________.

According to Marx, those at the bottom of the class structure are the _______, who produce nothing and live off the work of others.

Marx's collaborator, Engels, portrayed crime as a function of social demoralization.Z

Explain the concept of marginalization and how it leads to crime.

According to Messerschmidt, men commit more crime than females because of ______, which argues that men control women both economically and biologically.

Although the number of traditional _______________ families is in steep decline, in those that still exist, a wife's economic dependence ties men more securely to wage-earning jobs, further serving the interests of capitalists by undermining potential rebellion against the system.

Within Marxist thought, the owners of the means of production are called:

In his Masculinities and Crime , what did Messerschmidt call men's struggle to dominate women in order to prove their manliness?

__________ thrusts people outside the economic mainstream, forcing them to live in areas conducive to crime.

One challenge facing restorative justice is the difficult task of balancing the: