Question 1

As the sample size increases, non-parametric statistics approach normal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

The Mann-Whitney test is to independent samples t test as Wilcoxon's matched-pairs signed-ranks test is to

Accepted Answer

A)  Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA. 
B)  one-way repeated-measures ANOVA. 
C)  related sample means t-test. 
D)  Friedman's rank test for k correlated samples. 
A)  Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA. 
B)  one-way repeated-measures ANOVA. 
C)  related sample means t-test. 
D)  Friedman's rank test for k correlated samples. C

Question 3

Non-parametric tests are those that do not rely on parameter estimation or strong assumptions about distributions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Assume that we asked 20 subjects to participate in a smoking cessation study. We recorded their craving for a cigarette before and after applying a nicotine patch. One reason we might want to use a distribution-free test is because

Accepted Answer

A)  we have too few subjects for a parametric test. 
B)  there are some outliers that we don't want to have undue influence on the results. 
C)  the data are normally distributed. 
D)  the subjects are all male. 
A)  we have too few subjects for a parametric test. 
B)  there are some outliers that we don't want to have undue influence on the results. 
C)  the data are normally distributed. 
D)  the subjects are all male.

Question 5

The major advantage of distribution-free tests is that

Accepted Answer

A)  they do not rely on assumptions as severe as those for parametric tests. 
B)  they have more power. 
C)  they are substantially easier to run. 
D)  they are more common. 
A)  they do not rely on assumptions as severe as those for parametric tests. 
B)  they have more power. 
C)  they are substantially easier to run. 
D)  they are more common.

Question 6

A distribution-free test

Accepted Answer

A)  is almost synonymous with a nonparametric test. 
B)  is a test that makes few assumptions about the distribution from which the data were drawn. 
C)  usually has less power than a parametric test. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  is almost synonymous with a nonparametric test. 
B)  is a test that makes few assumptions about the distribution from which the data were drawn. 
C)  usually has less power than a parametric test. 
D)  all of the above

Question 7

If the usual assumptions behind parametric tests are met (at least approximately),

Accepted Answer

A)  distribution-free tests are more powerful than parametric tests. 
B)  distribution-free tests are somewhat less powerful than parametric tests. 
C)  the tests are indistinguishable. 
D)  you shouldn't use a parametric test. 
A)  distribution-free tests are more powerful than parametric tests. 
B)  distribution-free tests are somewhat less powerful than parametric tests. 
C)  the tests are indistinguishable. 
D)  you shouldn't use a parametric test.

Question 8

Distribution-free tests and parametric tests differ in their null hypotheses in that

Accepted Answer

A)  distribution-free tests have a less specific null hypothesis. 
B)  distribution-free tests make very strong assumptions about the mean. 
C)  distribution-free tests don't really have a null hypothesis. 
D)  parametric tests have rather loose null hypotheses. 
A)  distribution-free tests have a less specific null hypothesis. 
B)  distribution-free tests make very strong assumptions about the mean. 
C)  distribution-free tests don't really have a null hypothesis. 
D)  parametric tests have rather loose null hypotheses.

Question 9

With at least some distribution-free tests, a two-tailed test

Accepted Answer

A)  is not appropriate. 
B)  requires an additional calculation. 
C)  is more likely to be significant than a one-tailed test. 
D)  is automatic. 
A)  is not appropriate. 
B)  requires an additional calculation. 
C)  is more likely to be significant than a one-tailed test. 
D)  is automatic.

Question 10

Friedman's rank test for k-related samples is to Wilcoxon's matched-pairs signed ranks test as a repeated-measures ANOVA is to a paired samples t-test.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The following depression data using the two-tailed Mann-Whitney test. Describe your conclusions.

Accepted Answer

W_s = 33.5; The experi

Question 12

Which of the following is a nonparametric procedure?

Accepted Answer

A)  a , t test. 
B)  the analysis of variance. 
C)  the Mann-Whitney test. 
D)  Pearson's correlation coefficient ( r ). 
A)  a , t test. 
B)  the analysis of variance. 
C)  the Mann-Whitney test. 
D)  Pearson's correlation coefficient ( r ).

Question 13

One of the unusual things about distribution-free tests is that they are often set up so that

Accepted Answer

A)  they only work with equal sample sizes. 
B)  the null hypothesis is never assumed to be true. 
C)  we reject the null hypothesis when our test statistic is too small, rather than too large. 
D)  they are all named after people. 
A)  they only work with equal sample sizes. 
B)  the null hypothesis is never assumed to be true. 
C)  we reject the null hypothesis when our test statistic is too small, rather than too large. 
D)  they are all named after people.

Question 14

Would you reject or retain the null hypothesis in a Mann-Whitney test given the following information and assuming a one-tailed test and α = .05: 
a. n1 = 1, n2 = 25, W = 3 
b. n1 = 5, n2 = 6, W = 14 
c. n1 = 8, n2 = 9, W = 60

Accepted Answer

a. retain

Question 15

Which of the distribution-free tests is roughly equivalent to the t test for two independent means?

Accepted Answer

A)  the Mann-Whitney test 
B)  Wilcoxon's signed-ranks matched-pairs test 
C)  Friedman's test 
D)  the Kruskal-Wallis test 
A)  the Mann-Whitney test 
B)  Wilcoxon's signed-ranks matched-pairs test 
C)  Friedman's test 
D)  the Kruskal-Wallis test

Question 16

When using Wilcoxon's test for paired samples, subjects whose two scores are equal, yielding a difference score of zero, are usually

Accepted Answer

A)  given a random sign. 
B)  omitted from the data. 
C)  punished. 
D)  given a plus sign for one score and a minus sign for another. 
A)  given a random sign. 
B)  omitted from the data. 
C)  punished. 
D)  given a plus sign for one score and a minus sign for another.

Question 17

The Kruskal-Wallis test is based on

Accepted Answer

A)  the t distribution. 
B)  the z distribution. 
C)  the χ 2 distribution. 
D)  the F distribution. 
A)  the t distribution. 
B)  the z distribution. 
C)  the χ 2 distribution. 
D)  the F distribution.

Question 18

When we have relatively large sample sizes, the distribution-free tests for comparing two groups or sets of data discussed in the text have

Accepted Answer

A)  a chi-square approximation. 
B)  a normal approximation. 
C)  no solution. 
D)  problems. 
A)  a chi-square approximation. 
B)  a normal approximation. 
C)  no solution. 
D)  problems.

Question 19

Re-analyze the previous data using the normal approximation. 
a. Calculate z and describe your conclusions. 
b. Which analysis is more appropriate for these data? Explain.

Accepted Answer

a. z = -1.21; there is no diff

Question 20

Distribution free tests are more sensitive to means than to medians.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 20: Nonparametric and Resampling Statistical Tests

As the sample size increases, non-parametric statistics approach normal.

The Mann-Whitney test is to independent samples t test as Wilcoxon's matched-pairs signed-ranks test is to

Non-parametric tests are those that do not rely on parameter estimation or strong assumptions about distributions.

Assume that we asked 20 subjects to participate in a smoking cessation study. We recorded their craving for a cigarette before and after applying a nicotine patch. One reason we might want to use a distribution-free test is because

The major advantage of distribution-free tests is that

A distribution-free test

If the usual assumptions behind parametric tests are met (at least approximately),

Distribution-free tests and parametric tests differ in their null hypotheses in that

With at least some distribution-free tests, a two-tailed test

Friedman's rank test for k-related samples is to Wilcoxon's matched-pairs signed ranks test as a repeated-measures ANOVA is to a paired samples t-test.

The following depression data using the two-tailed Mann-Whitney test. Describe your conclusions.

Which of the following is a nonparametric procedure?

One of the unusual things about distribution-free tests is that they are often set up so that

Would you reject or retain the null hypothesis in a Mann-Whitney test given the following information and assuming a one-tailed test and α = .05: a. n1 = 1, n2 = 25, W = 3 b. n1 = 5, n2 = 6, W = 14 c. n1 = 8, n2 = 9, W = 60

Which of the distribution-free tests is roughly equivalent to the t test for two independent means?

When using Wilcoxon's test for paired samples, subjects whose two scores are equal, yielding a difference score of zero, are usually

The Kruskal-Wallis test is based on

When we have relatively large sample sizes, the distribution-free tests for comparing two groups or sets of data discussed in the text have

Re-analyze the previous data using the normal approximation. a. Calculate z and describe your conclusions. b. Which analysis is more appropriate for these data? Explain.

Distribution free tests are more sensitive to means than to medians.

Introduction

Basic Concepts

Displaying Data

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Variability

The Normal Distribution

Basic Concepts of Probability

Sampling Distributions and Hypothesis Testing

Correlation

Regression

Multiple Regression

Hypothesis Tests Applied to Means: One Sample

Hypothesis Tests Applied to Means: Two Related Samples

Hypothesis Tests Applied to Means: Two Independent Samples

Power

One-Way Analysis of Variance

Factorial Analysis of Variance

Repeated-Measures Analysis of Variance

Chi-Square

Meta-Analysis

Filters

Would you reject or retain the null hypothesis in a Mann-Whitney test given the following information and assuming a one-tailed test and α = .05: a. n₁ = 1, n₂ = 25, W = 3 b. n₁ = 5, n₂ = 6, W = 14 c. n₁ = 8, n₂ = 9, W = 60