Exam 9: Empathic Confrontation: Supporting While Addressing Client Conflict

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The first step in empathic confrontation is

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Telling the client what the issue is and how to resolve it is an effective counseling method.

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A client comes to you saying the following: ""I have no problems in stopping smoking; I've stopped ten times in the last year."  a. identify the incongruity in the statement; b. write an  empathic confrontation, which you might say to the client, including the important check-out; c. follow this by writing client statements that would represent denial, partial examination, full examination, decision to live with the incongruity, and the development of new patterns, constructs, or behaviors.

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a. The incongruity in the client's statement is that they claim to have no problems in stopping smoking, yet they have stopped multiple times in the last year, indicating that they do have difficulty maintaining their non-smoking status.

b. Empathic confrontation: "It sounds like you've been able to stop smoking multiple times in the past year, but it's been challenging to stay stopped. I can imagine that must be frustrating for you. Can we explore this further to understand what might be getting in the way of maintaining your non-smoking status?"

Check-out: "How does that sit with you? Is there anything else you'd like to add or clarify?"

c. Client statements:
- Denial: "I don't think I have any real issues with stopping smoking. I just need to be more disciplined."
- Partial examination: "I guess I do struggle with staying stopped, but I always find a reason to start again. It's like I can't resist the urge."
- Full examination: "I realize that I have a pattern of stopping and then relapsing. It's a cycle that I need to break."
- Decision to live with the incongruity: "Maybe I'm just not meant to quit smoking. It's too hard, and I don't think I can do it."
- Development of new patterns, constructs, or behaviors: "I need to find healthier coping mechanisms for stress and triggers that lead me to smoke. I also need to seek support from others who have successfully quit."

Nonempathic confrontation includes

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Imagine that you are talking with a client about emotional child abuse. You have just confronted the client with the following statement: "On one hand, you say you love your child, but on the other hand, you continue to put her out in the hall of your apartment, where you force her to stand for three hours in the dark. How do you put that together?" The client's responses appear below. Which response is denial? Which is partial examination? Which is full examination, but no change? Which is a decision to live with incongruity? Which is development of newer constructs, patterns, or behaviors? "I understand what you are saying; it just doesn't make sense what I'm doing. I seem to be saying one thing but doing another."

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Client Change Scale-Rater Training Examples

Imagine you are an interviewer or counselor working with an array of client problems. You make a statement or have approached a case in a certain way. Then the client responds to you in one of five different ways:
Level 1 . Denial. The client seems unable to accommodate new data from the counselor or therapist. The client will fail to deal with the conflict or contradiction, makes an abrupt topic shift, or shows a clearly incorrect "off-the-wall" response.

Level 2. Partial examination. The client deals with only a portion of the issue or counselor's statement. The client may over-generalize, delete, or distort what has been said, but not as seriously as in Level 1. You may find irrational ideas and some blindness to problems.

Level 3. Acceptance and recognition, but no change. The client recognizes the situation as it is, and the client's comment, feeling, or thought seems close to that presented by the therapist, but nothing new is added by the client. This level characterizes homeostasis or no change. Score as Level 3 if the client tends to describe a situation, event, or self-picture fairly clearly but tends to leave it there.

Level 4. Generation of a new solution. In response to the counselor, the client moves to the creation of something new. The client has added something that was not there before. At times, the underlying conflict may remain-acceptance of insoluble problems begins here.

Level 5. Development of new, larger, and more inclusive constructs, patterns, or behavior-transcendence. The client has arrived at a new synthesis, a new way of thinking, behaving, or feeling. These are relatively rare moments in counseling and therapy and may represent the development of useful or important insights, the ability to engage in a truly new way of behaving, the generation of a new ability to engage emotionally.

You will now be given a variety of counselor-client situations. The possible client responses are in random order. Please match each client response to one of the five levels of the Client Change Scale (CCS).
Instructions: Read the following counselor-client situation and classify the following Client responses to the appropriate level of the Client Change Scale (CSS).

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Counselor: (To student who was referred by his engineering professor for failing grades.) John, we've gone through the tests and reviewed your work history. Given all the information we've come up with, how do you put it together?
I don't know. Engineers make the best salaries. It's really important that I do what Dad wants.
Level 1
Dammit, I did it again! I'm beginning to think I'm afraid to allow myself to really feel.
Level 4
Extreme depression-I was immobilized. Small wonder Mom brought me in. I know now that I can't stay home all the time and do nothing. I'm going to start getting out and being more active.
Level 5
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Responses:
I don't know. Engineers make the best salaries. It's really important that I do what Dad wants.
Level 1
Dammit, I did it again! I'm beginning to think I'm afraid to allow myself to really feel.
Level 4
Extreme depression-I was immobilized. Small wonder Mom brought me in. I know now that I can't stay home all the time and do nothing. I'm going to start getting out and being more active.
Level 5
Am I really smiling? I thought I was angry, but . . .
Level 3
What do you mean-I'm really mad. You can't say that.
Level 2
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Mediation and conflict resolution combine the five stages of the interview and empathic confrontation. Imagine you are working with a couple arguing over child custody. How could you use the mediation model to assist in this process?

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Confrontation is a combination of skills.

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Mediation may be used with children who are in conflict. Discuss how the five-stage model of the interview and mediation and empathic confrontation may be combined to assist in conflict resolution.

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Which of the following steps of empathic confrontation includes the Confrontation Client Change Scale (CCS)?

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Imagine that you are talking with a client about emotional child abuse. You have just confronted the client with the following statement: "On one hand, you say you love your child, but on the other hand, you continue to put her out in the hall of your apartment, where you force her to stand for three hours in the dark. How do you put that together?" The client's responses appear below. Which response is denial? Which is partial examination? Which is full examination, but no change? Which is a decision to live with incongruity? Which is development of newer constructs, patterns, or behaviors? "I think I see what you're saying. There is a big incongruity there. I want to stop, but I was abused and hit by my parents. I think I'm doing better than they did-at least I don't strike Amie. But perhaps I can do something different next week. I'll try your new idea about disciplining her."

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Most clients come to the interview feeling

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Incongruities and discrepancies of the interviewee to be identified include all but one of the following:

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Which of the following is a behavior to avoid in interviewing and counseling?

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Empathic confrontation is

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Imagine that you are talking with a client about emotional child abuse. You have just confronted the client with the following statement: "On one hand, you say you love your child, but on the other hand, you continue to put her out in the hall of your apartment, where you force her to stand for three hours in the dark. How do you put that together?" The client's responses appear below. Which response is denial? Which is partial examination? Which is full examination, but no change? Which is a decision to live with incongruity? Which is development of newer constructs, patterns, or behaviors? "Yes, I do love her. I care for her very much. She is extremely important to me. We do everything together. We really do so many things that work out OK."

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Discuss some of the key multicultural issues in the use of empathic confrontation.

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Imagine that you are talking with a client about emotional child abuse. You have just confronted the client with the following statement: "On one hand, you say you love your child, but on the other hand, you continue to put her out in the hall of your apartment, where you force her to stand for three hours in the dark. How do you put that together?" The client's responses appear below. Which response is denial? Which is partial examination? Which is full examination, but no change? Which is a decision to live with incongruity? Which is development of newer constructs, patterns, or behaviors? "I don't understand what you are saying. There's no need to put it together. There's no problem. That's the way I do it."

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Empathic confrontation is divided into ____ steps

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Imagine that you are talking with a client about emotional child abuse. You have just confronted the client with the following statement: "On one hand, you say you love your child, but on the other hand, you continue to put her out in the hall of your apartment, where you force her to stand for three hours in the dark. How do you put that together?" The client's responses appear below. Which response is denial? Which is partial examination? Which is full examination, but no change? Which is a decision to live with incongruity? Which is development of newer constructs, patterns, or behaviors? "I heard what you are saying. I want to change, but right at the moment I just can't do what I want. I tried last week; it didn't work. The divorce is getting to me. I'll do the best I can to change, but it is so hard."

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