Question 1

Partial gamma (G p)________.

Accepted Answer

A)  measures the association between X and Y after removing the effects of Z. 
B)  is the average of all gammas computed on partial tables. 
C)  can never be lower in value than the bivariate gamma. 
D)  is computed for each partial table separately. 
A)  measures the association between X and Y after removing the effects of Z. 
B)  is the average of all gammas computed on partial tables. 
C)  can never be lower in value than the bivariate gamma. 
D)  is computed for each partial table separately. A

Question 2

In an investigation of the relationship between political ideology (liberal - conservative) and support for civil liberties such as free speech, a researcher calculated a bivariate gamma of 0.65. After controlling for gender, the partial gamma was 0.07. Which of the following correctly describes this outcome?

Accepted Answer

A)  There seems to be a direct relationship between ideology and support for civil liberties. 
B)  This relationship appears to be spurious. 
C)  There is an interactive relationship between ideology and support for civil liberties. 
D)  Women are much more supportive of civil liberties than men. 
A)  There seems to be a direct relationship between ideology and support for civil liberties. 
B)  This relationship appears to be spurious. 
C)  There is an interactive relationship between ideology and support for civil liberties. 
D)  Women are much more supportive of civil liberties than men. B

Question 3

The gamma for a bivariate table is 0.42 and the partial gamma (G p) is 0.40. This is consistent with________.

Accepted Answer

A)  interaction between the variables. 
B)  an intervening relationship between X, Y, and Z. 
C)  a direct relationship between X and Y. 
D)  a spurious relationship between X and Z. 
A)  interaction between the variables. 
B)  an intervening relationship between X, Y, and Z. 
C)  a direct relationship between X and Y. 
D)  a spurious relationship between X and Z. C

Question 4

Under what conditions should partial gamma (G p) NOT be calculated?

Accepted Answer

A)  When sample size is very large. 
B)  When there is no dependent variable. 
C)  When the variables are ordinal in level of measurement. 
D)  When there is evidence of interaction. 
A)  When sample size is very large. 
B)  When there is no dependent variable. 
C)  When the variables are ordinal in level of measurement. 
D)  When there is evidence of interaction.

Question 5

Which of the following describes an intervening relationship between X, Y, and Z?

Accepted Answer

A)  X causes Z, which causes Y. 
B)  X causes Z, but neither has a relationship with Y. 
C)  Z causes both X and Y. 
D)  Z causes neither X nor Y. 
A)  X causes Z, which causes Y. 
B)  X causes Z, but neither has a relationship with Y. 
C)  Z causes both X and Y. 
D)  Z causes neither X nor Y.

Question 6

In an interactive relationship, the conditional distributions of Y in the partial tables would be ___________ and the conditional distributions of Y in the bivariate table would be ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  different from each other, different from the partial tables 
B)  the same, different from the partial tables 
C)  different from each other, the same as the partial tables 
D)  the same, the same as the partial tables 
A)  different from each other, different from the partial tables 
B)  the same, different from the partial tables 
C)  different from each other, the same as the partial tables 
D)  the same, the same as the partial tables

Question 7

Spurious or intervening relationships among variables are indicated by a pattern of outcomes in which the bivariate relationship is the same across all partial tables and________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the same as in the original bivariate table. 
B)  much weaker than in the bivariate table. 
C)  much stronger than in the bivariate table. 
D)  the variables are not associated in the bivariate table. 
A)  the same as in the original bivariate table. 
B)  much weaker than in the bivariate table. 
C)  much stronger than in the bivariate table. 
D)  the variables are not associated in the bivariate table.

Question 8

The three variables involved in the elaboration of bivariate tables are________.

Accepted Answer

A)  independent, control, continuous. 
B)  nominal, ordinal, interval-ratio. 
C)  first dependent, second dependent, independent. 
D)  independent, dependent, control. 
A)  independent, control, continuous. 
B)  nominal, ordinal, interval-ratio. 
C)  first dependent, second dependent, independent. 
D)  independent, dependent, control.

Question 9

If we investigate a bivariate relationship by controlling for gender, which of the following would be consistent with an intervening relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  The relationship between X and Y is the same for men and women. 
B)  The bivariate relationship between X and Y is zero for both men and women. 
C)  X and Y are related for men but not for women. 
D)  There are many fewer men than women. 
A)  The relationship between X and Y is the same for men and women. 
B)  The bivariate relationship between X and Y is zero for both men and women. 
C)  X and Y are related for men but not for women. 
D)  There are many fewer men than women.

Question 10

Examining the bivariate tables in Section 14.1, which group was happiest as a function of their level of education?

Accepted Answer

A)  males with a graduate degree. 
B)  males and females with at least a Bachelor's degree. 
C)  females with a graduate degree. 
D)  males and females with less than a high school diploma. 
A)  males with a graduate degree. 
B)  males and females with at least a Bachelor's degree. 
C)  females with a graduate degree. 
D)  males and females with less than a high school diploma.

Question 11

In an investigation of the relationship between political ideology (liberal - conservative) and support for civil liberties such as free speech, a researcher calculated a bivariate gamma of 0.65. After controlling for gender, the partial gamma was 0.60. Which of the following correctly describes this outcome?

Accepted Answer

A)  There seems to be a direct relationship between ideology and support for civil liberties. 
B)  This relationship appears to be spurious. 
C)  There is an interactive relationship between ideology and support for civil liberties. 
D)  Women are much more supportive of civil liberties than men. 
A)  There seems to be a direct relationship between ideology and support for civil liberties. 
B)  This relationship appears to be spurious. 
C)  There is an interactive relationship between ideology and support for civil liberties. 
D)  Women are much more supportive of civil liberties than men.

Question 12

Another term for interaction is________.

Accepted Answer

A)  intervention. 
B)  spurions. 
C)  direct. 
D)  specification. 
A)  intervention. 
B)  spurions. 
C)  direct. 
D)  specification.

Question 13

With the elaboration technique, one solution for the problem of empty cells is to________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the number of control variables. 
B)  collapse categories of all variables as much as possible. 
C)  decrease sample size. 
D)  disregard the control variable. 
A)  increase the number of control variables. 
B)  collapse categories of all variables as much as possible. 
C)  decrease sample size. 
D)  disregard the control variable.

Question 14

Gammas computed on partial tables are both .49 and the bivariate gamma is .52. This pattern of outcomes would be taken as evidence of________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a direct relationship between the independent and dependent variables. 
B)  a spurious relationship. 
C)  a direct relationship between the control variable and the independent. 
D)  no association between any of the three variables. 
A)  a direct relationship between the independent and dependent variables. 
B)  a spurious relationship. 
C)  a direct relationship between the control variable and the independent. 
D)  no association between any of the three variables.

Question 15

With the elaboration technique, it is important to have large samples to________.

Accepted Answer

A)  avoid having to control for a third variable. 
B)  fill up the cells in the partial tables. 
C)  eliminate the possibility of spurious relationships. 
D)  increase the value of the measure of association. 
A)  avoid having to control for a third variable. 
B)  fill up the cells in the partial tables. 
C)  eliminate the possibility of spurious relationships. 
D)  increase the value of the measure of association.

Question 16

Which of the following describes a direct relationship between X and Y?

Accepted Answer

A)  X causes Z, which causes Y 
B)  Y causes Z, which causes X 
C)  Both Z and Y cause Z 
D)  X causes Y 
A)  X causes Z, which causes Y 
B)  Y causes Z, which causes X 
C)  Both Z and Y cause Z 
D)  X causes Y

Question 17

Which of the following describes a spurious relationship between X, Y, and Z?

Accepted Answer

A)  X causes Z, which causes Y. 
B)  Z causes X, which causes Y. 
C)  Z has no effect on the relationship between X and Y. 
D)  Z causes both X and Y. 
A)  X causes Z, which causes Y. 
B)  Z causes X, which causes Y. 
C)  Z has no effect on the relationship between X and Y. 
D)  Z causes both X and Y.

Question 18

The chief psychologist at a state prison has developed a rehabilitation program for inmates convicted of violent crimes against females. All of the prisoners have been rated on the frequency of their attendance at sessions (the program is voluntary) and have completed a battery of tests which measures their level of hostile and aggressive feelings towards females. Are less hostile attitudes associated with frequent attendance at sessions? Does the program work? 
   
Calculate percentages and a measure of association for the table. Choose a measure of association appropriate for these variables. Characterize the relationship in terms of the existence, strength, and pattern or direction of the relationship in a paragraph. To further test the nature of the association between attendance at the program and hostility towards women, the investigator controlled for the age of the inmates. For each partial table below, compute percentages and a measure of association and interpret the pattern of relationships. Write a paragraph analyzing the effect of controlling for age on the bivariate relationship.Hostility Towards Women by Frequency of Attendance, Controlling for Ag
A. Younger Inmates (less than 35):   
B. Older Inmates (35 and older):

Accepted Answer

The answer of The chief psychologist at a state prison...

Question 19

A measure of association for X and Y shows that the two variables are associated at -.63. After controlling for Z, the measures for the partial tables are -.33 and -.78. This pattern of outcomes would be consistent with________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a direct relationship between X and Y. 
B)  a spurious relationship between X and Y and a direct relationship between X and Z. 
C)  interaction between X, Y, and Z. 
D)  an intervening relationship between X, Y, and Z. 
A)  a direct relationship between X and Y. 
B)  a spurious relationship between X and Y and a direct relationship between X and Z. 
C)  interaction between X, Y, and Z. 
D)  an intervening relationship between X, Y, and Z.

Question 20

An important limitation of the elaboration technique is sample size because________.

Accepted Answer

A)  too many cases destabilize the value of partial gamma. 
B)  statistical significance is reduced with large samples. 
C)  cases must be divided over a series of partial tables. 
D)  with many cases, not enough cells in the partial tables will be empty. 
A)  too many cases destabilize the value of partial gamma. 
B)  statistical significance is reduced with large samples. 
C)  cases must be divided over a series of partial tables. 
D)  with many cases, not enough cells in the partial tables will be empty.

Partial gamma (G p)________.

The gamma for a bivariate table is 0.42 and the partial gamma (G p) is 0.40. This is consistent with________.

Under what conditions should partial gamma (G p) NOT be calculated?

Which of the following describes an intervening relationship between X, Y, and Z?

In an interactive relationship, the conditional distributions of Y in the partial tables would be _ and the conditional distributions of Y in the bivariate table would be __.

Spurious or intervening relationships among variables are indicated by a pattern of outcomes in which the bivariate relationship is the same across all partial tables and________.

The three variables involved in the elaboration of bivariate tables are________.

If we investigate a bivariate relationship by controlling for gender, which of the following would be consistent with an intervening relationship?

Examining the bivariate tables in Section 14.1, which group was happiest as a function of their level of education?

Another term for interaction is________.

With the elaboration technique, one solution for the problem of empty cells is to________.

Gammas computed on partial tables are both .49 and the bivariate gamma is .52. This pattern of outcomes would be taken as evidence of________.

With the elaboration technique, it is important to have large samples to________.

Which of the following describes a direct relationship between X and Y?

Which of the following describes a spurious relationship between X, Y, and Z?

A measure of association for X and Y shows that the two variables are associated at -.63. After controlling for Z, the measures for the partial tables are -.33 and -.78. This pattern of outcomes would be consistent with________.

An important limitation of the elaboration technique is sample size because________.

Introduction

Basic Descriptive Statistics Tables Percentages Rates and Ratios and Graphs

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Variation

The Normal Curve

Introduction to Inferential Statistics Sampling and the Sampling Distribution

Estimation Procedures

Hypothesis Testing I the One Sample Case

Hypothesis Testing Ii the Two Sample Case

Hypothesis Testing Iii the Analysis of Variance

Hypothesis Testing Iv Chi Square

Bivariate Association for Nominal and Ordinal Level Variables

Association Between Variables Measured at the Interval Ratio Level

Partial Correlation and Multiple Regression and Correlation

Filters

Exam 14: Elaborating Bivariate Tables

Partial gamma (G p)________.

The gamma for a bivariate table is 0.42 and the partial gamma (G p) is 0.40. This is consistent with________.

Under what conditions should partial gamma (G p) NOT be calculated?

Which of the following describes an intervening relationship between X, Y, and Z?

In an interactive relationship, the conditional distributions of Y in the partial tables would be ___________ and the conditional distributions of Y in the bivariate table would be ____________.

Spurious or intervening relationships among variables are indicated by a pattern of outcomes in which the bivariate relationship is the same across all partial tables and________.

The three variables involved in the elaboration of bivariate tables are________.

If we investigate a bivariate relationship by controlling for gender, which of the following would be consistent with an intervening relationship?

Examining the bivariate tables in Section 14.1, which group was happiest as a function of their level of education?

Another term for interaction is________.

With the elaboration technique, one solution for the problem of empty cells is to________.

Gammas computed on partial tables are both .49 and the bivariate gamma is .52. This pattern of outcomes would be taken as evidence of________.

With the elaboration technique, it is important to have large samples to________.

Which of the following describes a direct relationship between X and Y?

Which of the following describes a spurious relationship between X, Y, and Z?

A measure of association for X and Y shows that the two variables are associated at -.63. After controlling for Z, the measures for the partial tables are -.33 and -.78. This pattern of outcomes would be consistent with________.

An important limitation of the elaboration technique is sample size because________.

Introduction

Basic Descriptive Statistics Tables Percentages Rates and Ratios and Graphs

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Variation

The Normal Curve

Introduction to Inferential Statistics Sampling and the Sampling Distribution

Estimation Procedures

Hypothesis Testing I the One Sample Case

Hypothesis Testing Ii the Two Sample Case

Hypothesis Testing Iii the Analysis of Variance

Hypothesis Testing Iv Chi Square

Bivariate Association for Nominal and Ordinal Level Variables

Association Between Variables Measured at the Interval Ratio Level

Partial Correlation and Multiple Regression and Correlation

Filters

In an interactive relationship, the conditional distributions of Y in the partial tables would be _ and the conditional distributions of Y in the bivariate table would be __.