Question 1

In theory, when innocent suspects are subjected to a polygraph test, they

Accepted Answer

A)  are more aroused by crime-relevant questions than control questions. 
B)  are more aroused by control questions than crime-relevant questions. 
C)  exhibit overall lower levels of arousal than guilty suspects. 
D)  exhibit overall higher levels of arousal than guilty suspects. 
A)  are more aroused by crime-relevant questions than control questions. 
B)  are more aroused by control questions than crime-relevant questions. 
C)  exhibit overall lower levels of arousal than guilty suspects. 
D)  exhibit overall higher levels of arousal than guilty suspects.

Question 2

Jurors in criminal trials often fail to fully discount coerced confessions.In what sense can the fundamental attribution error explain this tendency?

Accepted Answer

A)  People often overlook the situational factors that lead others to commit criminal acts. 
B)  We tend to think that no situational influences could be strong enough to lead someone to confess to something they did not do. 
C)  Jurors usually think that false confessions result from certain personality characteristics, such as passivity or lack of education. 
D)  Few people think that they themselves would ever admit to a crime they did not commit. 
A)  People often overlook the situational factors that lead others to commit criminal acts. 
B)  We tend to think that no situational influences could be strong enough to lead someone to confess to something they did not do. 
C)  Jurors usually think that false confessions result from certain personality characteristics, such as passivity or lack of education. 
D)  Few people think that they themselves would ever admit to a crime they did not commit.

Question 3

With respect to lineup identification, eyewitnesses tend to be less accurate when

Accepted Answer

A)  there are six foils present in the lineup. 
B)  the suspect is of the same race as the witness. 
C)  the witness is informed that the suspect may be in the lineup. 
D)  the suspect and the foils are viewed one at a time. 
A)  there are six foils present in the lineup. 
B)  the suspect is of the same race as the witness. 
C)  the witness is informed that the suspect may be in the lineup. 
D)  the suspect and the foils are viewed one at a time.

Question 4

In which of the following juries will jurors spend the most time discussing the case?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 12-person jury that must reach a unanimous decision 
B)  A 12-person jury that must reach a majority decision 
C)  A 6-person jury that must reach a unanimous decision 
D)  A 6-person jury that must reach a majority decision 
A)  A 12-person jury that must reach a unanimous decision 
B)  A 12-person jury that must reach a majority decision 
C)  A 6-person jury that must reach a unanimous decision 
D)  A 6-person jury that must reach a majority decision

Question 5

The Stanford University prison simulation teaches us that

Accepted Answer

A)  sentencing disparity is much more pervasive than was previously believed. 
B)  the conditions at privately-run prisons are far superior to those at state-run prisons. 
C)  demographic profiles play a very important role in determining the degree to which the prisoners will use their prison time in a constructive manner. 
D)  even normal people can be dehumanized by institutional roles and practices. 
A)  sentencing disparity is much more pervasive than was previously believed. 
B)  the conditions at privately-run prisons are far superior to those at state-run prisons. 
C)  demographic profiles play a very important role in determining the degree to which the prisoners will use their prison time in a constructive manner. 
D)  even normal people can be dehumanized by institutional roles and practices.

Question 6

From the court's perspective, the voir dire process is intended to

Accepted Answer

A)  allow the lawyers to present evidence to the judge without the jurors present. 
B)  identify and dismiss prospective jurors who may be biased. 
C)  familiarize prospective jurors with one another before they begin deliberation. 
D)  familiarize prospective jurors with the facts of the case prior to the actual trial. 
A)  allow the lawyers to present evidence to the judge without the jurors present. 
B)  identify and dismiss prospective jurors who may be biased. 
C)  familiarize prospective jurors with one another before they begin deliberation. 
D)  familiarize prospective jurors with the facts of the case prior to the actual trial.

Question 7

Which of the following is not currently being investigated by researchers as a potential alternative to traditional polygraph tests?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypnosis 
B)  fMRI assessment of blood oxygen in the brain 
C)  Thermal imaging to detect rises in skin temperature. 
D)  Pupil dilation 
A)  Hypnosis 
B)  fMRI assessment of blood oxygen in the brain 
C)  Thermal imaging to detect rises in skin temperature. 
D)  Pupil dilation

Question 8

Among the following, which most accurately summarizes an important point of controversy that has been debated among researchers who study reconstructive memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some believe that post-event information actually alters a witness's real memory, whereas others believe it affects only the reporting of the memory. 
B)  Some believe that post-event information can bias an eyewitness's reporting of an event, whereas others believe that only information that is learned during acquisition can bias an eyewitness's reporting. 
C)  Some believe that scientific jury selection is an effective way to reduce the chances that jurors will be biased by reconstructive memory, whereas others believe that this strategy is unethical. 
D)  Some believe that the use of peremptory challenges leads to false memories, whereas others believe it helps ensure accurate memories. 
A)  Some believe that post-event information actually alters a witness's real memory, whereas others believe it affects only the reporting of the memory. 
B)  Some believe that post-event information can bias an eyewitness's reporting of an event, whereas others believe that only information that is learned during acquisition can bias an eyewitness's reporting. 
C)  Some believe that scientific jury selection is an effective way to reduce the chances that jurors will be biased by reconstructive memory, whereas others believe that this strategy is unethical. 
D)  Some believe that the use of peremptory challenges leads to false memories, whereas others believe it helps ensure accurate memories.

Question 9

According to your text, in terms of punishment, the most notable cultural difference concerns the

Accepted Answer

A)  length of a sentence. 
B)  death penalty. 
C)  age of emancipation. 
D)  harshness of the prison environment. 
A)  length of a sentence. 
B)  death penalty. 
C)  age of emancipation. 
D)  harshness of the prison environment.

Question 10

One criticism of scientific jury selection is that it

Accepted Answer

A)  focuses jury selection on the question of whether or not a juror will be able to be impartial in evaluating the case. 
B)  does not make use of empirical data. 
C)  can only be afforded by the wealthiest of defendants and plaintiffs. 
D)  is used in civil trials, but not in criminal cases. 
A)  focuses jury selection on the question of whether or not a juror will be able to be impartial in evaluating the case. 
B)  does not make use of empirical data. 
C)  can only be afforded by the wealthiest of defendants and plaintiffs. 
D)  is used in civil trials, but not in criminal cases.

Question 11

Lucas is serving on a jury that is required to reach a 10-2 decision.Relative to juries that are required to reach unanimous decisions, Lucas and the other jurors will

Accepted Answer

A)  spend more time discussing the case. 
B)  be more likely to include jurors with dissenting opinions. 
C)  be more confident in their final verdict. 
D)  be more persuaded by normative influence. 
A)  spend more time discussing the case. 
B)  be more likely to include jurors with dissenting opinions. 
C)  be more confident in their final verdict. 
D)  be more persuaded by normative influence.

Question 12

Martha is accused of insider trading.During a polygraph test, she is asked if she ever littered as a child.This question is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)  control question. 
B)  crime-relevant question. 
C)  peremptory challenge. 
D)  reconstructive memory. 
A)  control question. 
B)  crime-relevant question. 
C)  peremptory challenge. 
D)  reconstructive memory.

Question 13

Research on the leniency bias and jury deliberations suggests that which of the following juries will have the easiest time reaching a unanimous decision?

Accepted Answer

A)  A jury in which ten jurors vote "not guilty" and two jurors vote "guilty" to start with 
B)  A jury in which ten jurors vote "guilty" and two jurors vote "not guilty" to start with 
C)  A jury that is evenly split at six-six to start with 
D)  A jury that has paid close attention to the judge's final instructions 
A)  A jury in which ten jurors vote "not guilty" and two jurors vote "guilty" to start with 
B)  A jury in which ten jurors vote "guilty" and two jurors vote "not guilty" to start with 
C)  A jury that is evenly split at six-six to start with 
D)  A jury that has paid close attention to the judge's final instructions

Question 14

Manisha witnesses a crime and is brought to the police station for an interview about what she saw.She is given a face construction booklet and asked to pick which of the 100 hairstyles looks most like the culprit's.Then she does the same for eyes, nose, mouth, ears, etc.Research suggests that this process is likely to lead Manisha to

Accepted Answer

A)  perform more accurately if she is shown a lineup including the culprit several days later. 
B)  perform less accurately if she is shown a lineup including the culprit several days later. 
C)  become more confident in her ability to identify the culprit. 
D)  become less confident in her ability to identify the culprit. 
A)  perform more accurately if she is shown a lineup including the culprit several days later. 
B)  perform less accurately if she is shown a lineup including the culprit several days later. 
C)  become more confident in her ability to identify the culprit. 
D)  become less confident in her ability to identify the culprit.

Question 15

Recent DNA exoneration cases have revealed the most common cause of mistaken convictions to be

Accepted Answer

A)  a coerced confession. 
B)  false alibis. 
C)  racially biased juries. 
D)  inaccurate eyewitnesses. 
A)  a coerced confession. 
B)  false alibis. 
C)  racially biased juries. 
D)  inaccurate eyewitnesses.

Question 16

Waleska is a social psychologist who studies the legal system.Which of the following objectives would she be least likely to pursue in her research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Improving the ability of police officers to determine when a criminal suspect is lying 
B)  Determining under what circumstances jurors are best able to understand and follow a judge's instructions 
C)  Assessing how judges apply sentencing guidelines to complex cases 
D)  Identifying the types of psychological disorders most likely to lead people to engage in criminal behavior 
A)  Improving the ability of police officers to determine when a criminal suspect is lying 
B)  Determining under what circumstances jurors are best able to understand and follow a judge's instructions 
C)  Assessing how judges apply sentencing guidelines to complex cases 
D)  Identifying the types of psychological disorders most likely to lead people to engage in criminal behavior

Question 17

Romeo suggests if you know the majority opinion in a jury prior to deliberation, you know what the jury decision will be.What provides the strongest exception to his conclusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jury nullification 
B)  The leniency bias 
C)  Voir dire 
D)  Death qualification 
A)  Jury nullification 
B)  The leniency bias 
C)  Voir dire 
D)  Death qualification

Question 18

Based on the relevant research, which of the following people is most likely to be chosen as foreperson of a jury?

Accepted Answer

A)  Monica, who works on an assembly line similar to the one the defendant has worked on 
B)  Joey, who sits in a chair situated on the long side of the jury table, close to the middle 
C)  Rachel, who is one of only three jurors who does not say anything during the first few minutes of the deliberations. 
D)  Ross, who is chief of surgery at a local hospital 
A)  Monica, who works on an assembly line similar to the one the defendant has worked on 
B)  Joey, who sits in a chair situated on the long side of the jury table, close to the middle 
C)  Rachel, who is one of only three jurors who does not say anything during the first few minutes of the deliberations. 
D)  Ross, who is chief of surgery at a local hospital

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the conclusions reached by Kassin and Kiechel (1996)concerning false confessions?

Accepted Answer

A)  People are highly unlikely to confess to crimes they did not commit. 
B)  Internalized false confessions are most likely to occur when a suspect is intimidated with bright lights and physical threats. 
C)  Compliant false confessions are most likely to occur when a friendly interrogator offers sympathy and advice to a suspect. 
D)  Internalized false confessions are most likely to occur when false evidence of guilt is presented. 
A)  People are highly unlikely to confess to crimes they did not commit. 
B)  Internalized false confessions are most likely to occur when a suspect is intimidated with bright lights and physical threats. 
C)  Compliant false confessions are most likely to occur when a friendly interrogator offers sympathy and advice to a suspect. 
D)  Internalized false confessions are most likely to occur when false evidence of guilt is presented.

Question 20

Harwin is hooked up to a mechanical instrument that records his heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, and sweat gland activity.Harwin is being subjected to

Accepted Answer

A)  a polygraph test. 
B)  an internalized interrogation. 
C)  the voir dire process. 
D)  a show up. 
A)  a polygraph test. 
B)  an internalized interrogation. 
C)  the voir dire process. 
D)  a show up.

In theory, when innocent suspects are subjected to a polygraph test, they

Jurors in criminal trials often fail to fully discount coerced confessions.In what sense can the fundamental attribution error explain this tendency?

With respect to lineup identification, eyewitnesses tend to be less accurate when

In which of the following juries will jurors spend the most time discussing the case?

The Stanford University prison simulation teaches us that

From the court's perspective, the voir dire process is intended to

Which of the following is not currently being investigated by researchers as a potential alternative to traditional polygraph tests?

Among the following, which most accurately summarizes an important point of controversy that has been debated among researchers who study reconstructive memory?

According to your text, in terms of punishment, the most notable cultural difference concerns the

One criticism of scientific jury selection is that it

Lucas is serving on a jury that is required to reach a 10-2 decision.Relative to juries that are required to reach unanimous decisions, Lucas and the other jurors will

Martha is accused of insider trading.During a polygraph test, she is asked if she ever littered as a child.This question is an example of a

Research on the leniency bias and jury deliberations suggests that which of the following juries will have the easiest time reaching a unanimous decision?

Recent DNA exoneration cases have revealed the most common cause of mistaken convictions to be

Waleska is a social psychologist who studies the legal system.Which of the following objectives would she be least likely to pursue in her research?

Romeo suggests if you know the majority opinion in a jury prior to deliberation, you know what the jury decision will be.What provides the strongest exception to his conclusion?

Based on the relevant research, which of the following people is most likely to be chosen as foreperson of a jury?

Which of the following best describes the conclusions reached by Kassin and Kiechel (1996)concerning false confessions?

Harwin is hooked up to a mechanical instrument that records his heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, and sweat gland activity.Harwin is being subjected to

What is Social Psychology

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Perceiving Persons

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Attitudes

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Business

Health and Well being

Filters

Exam 12: Law

In theory, when innocent suspects are subjected to a polygraph test, they

Jurors in criminal trials often fail to fully discount coerced confessions.In what sense can the fundamental attribution error explain this tendency?

With respect to lineup identification, eyewitnesses tend to be less accurate when

In which of the following juries will jurors spend the most time discussing the case?

The Stanford University prison simulation teaches us that

From the court's perspective, the voir dire process is intended to

Which of the following is not currently being investigated by researchers as a potential alternative to traditional polygraph tests?

Among the following, which most accurately summarizes an important point of controversy that has been debated among researchers who study reconstructive memory?

According to your text, in terms of punishment, the most notable cultural difference concerns the

One criticism of scientific jury selection is that it

Lucas is serving on a jury that is required to reach a 10-2 decision.Relative to juries that are required to reach unanimous decisions, Lucas and the other jurors will

Martha is accused of insider trading.During a polygraph test, she is asked if she ever littered as a child.This question is an example of a

Research on the leniency bias and jury deliberations suggests that which of the following juries will have the easiest time reaching a unanimous decision?

Recent DNA exoneration cases have revealed the most common cause of mistaken convictions to be

Waleska is a social psychologist who studies the legal system.Which of the following objectives would she be least likely to pursue in her research?

Romeo suggests if you know the majority opinion in a jury prior to deliberation, you know what the jury decision will be.What provides the strongest exception to his conclusion?

Based on the relevant research, which of the following people is most likely to be chosen as foreperson of a jury?

Which of the following best describes the conclusions reached by Kassin and Kiechel (1996)concerning false confessions?

Harwin is hooked up to a mechanical instrument that records his heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, and sweat gland activity.Harwin is being subjected to

What is Social Psychology

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Perceiving Persons

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Attitudes

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Business

Health and Well being

Filters