Question 1

"External validity" refers to the generalizability of study results.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

In an experiment investigating the effects of stress on the desire to affiliate with others, half of the subjects complete an easy test of mental ability and half complete a difficult test. What procedure is used to ensure that any differences in the desire to affiliate are due to differences in test difficulty and not to characteristics of the subjects?

Accepted Answer

A)  random assignment 
B)  manipulation check 
C)  pretest 
D)  replication 
E)  debriefing 
A)  random assignment 
B)  manipulation check 
C)  pretest 
D)  replication 
E)  debriefing

Question 3

Which of the following is true of the experimental approach to social research?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is used almost exclusively for explanatory, hypothesis-testing purposes. 
B)  It is the most common methodological approach in sociology. 
C)  It typically uses simple random sampling to select participants. 
D)  It affords less control over extraneous variables than other research approaches. 
A)  It is used almost exclusively for explanatory, hypothesis-testing purposes. 
B)  It is the most common methodological approach in sociology. 
C)  It typically uses simple random sampling to select participants. 
D)  It affords less control over extraneous variables than other research approaches.

Question 4

Laboratory experiments usually are high in external validity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Experiments afford less control over extraneous variables than other approaches to social research.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

In comparison with laboratory experiments, field experiments

Accepted Answer

A)  rarely involve manipulation of the independent variable. 
B)  afford less control over design and measurement. 
C)  are less likely to raise ethical issues. 
D)  usually involve more extensive debriefing. 
E)  are more likely to be internally valid. 
A)  rarely involve manipulation of the independent variable. 
B)  afford less control over design and measurement. 
C)  are less likely to raise ethical issues. 
D)  usually involve more extensive debriefing. 
E)  are more likely to be internally valid.

Question 7

When possible, matching should be substituted for random assignment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The pool or sample of participants in laboratory experiments most typically consist of a

Accepted Answer

A)  simple random sample. 
B)  systematic sample. 
C)  stratified random sample. 
D)  convenience sample. 
A)  simple random sample. 
B)  systematic sample. 
C)  stratified random sample. 
D)  convenience sample.

Question 9

Experiments tend to be __________ in internal validity and __________ in external validity.

Accepted Answer

A)  low; low 
B)  low; high 
C)  high; low 
D)  high; high 
A)  low; low 
B)  low; high 
C)  high; low 
D)  high; high

Question 10

The most common subject role is that of the subject who tries to guess the experimenter's hypothesis in order to sabotage the experiment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

__________ is used to ensure internal validity, whereas __________ increases external validity.

Accepted Answer

A)  Random assignment; matching 
B)  Matching; random assignment 
C)  Random assignment; random sampling 
D)  Random sampling; random assignment 
A)  Random assignment; matching 
B)  Matching; random assignment 
C)  Random assignment; random sampling 
D)  Random sampling; random assignment

Question 12

The most common method of selecting a pool or sample of subjects in experiments is simple random sampling.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Laboratory experiments tend to be high in experimental realism and low in mundane realism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

An experiment that has an impact on and seems real to subjects but that bears little resemblance to real-life situations would be __________ in experimental realism and __________ in mundane realism.

Accepted Answer

A)  low; low 
B)  low; high 
C)  high; low 
D)  high; high 
A)  low; low 
B)  low; high 
C)  high; low 
D)  high; high

Question 15

Which of the following procedures would be most effective for reducing the impact of demand characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  satisfy subjects' suspicions about the experiment by providing a good cover story 
B)  randomly assign subjects to experimental conditions 
C)  match subjects on relevant characteristics 
D)  debrief subjects thoroughly at the end of the experiment 
E)  tell subjects that their performance as subjects will be evaluated 
A)  satisfy subjects' suspicions about the experiment by providing a good cover story 
B)  randomly assign subjects to experimental conditions 
C)  match subjects on relevant characteristics 
D)  debrief subjects thoroughly at the end of the experiment 
E)  tell subjects that their performance as subjects will be evaluated

Question 16

When was the manipulation check performed in the epileptic seizure experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  during pretesting 
B)  immediately before the manipulation of the independent variable 
C)  immediately after the manipulation of the independent variable 
D)  during the post-experimental interview 
A)  during pretesting 
B)  immediately before the manipulation of the independent variable 
C)  immediately after the manipulation of the independent variable 
D)  during the post-experimental interview

Question 17

Use of college student volunteers limits the __________ of an experiment.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal validity 
B)  external validity 
C)  experimental realism 
D)  mundane realism 
A)  internal validity 
B)  external validity 
C)  experimental realism 
D)  mundane realism

Question 18

Testing and confirming a hypothesis in both laboratory and field experiments, among a variety of populations in a wide range of situations enhances the __________ of experimental findings.

Accepted Answer

A)  measurement reliability 
B)  internal validity 
C)  external validity 
D)  reactivity 
A)  measurement reliability 
B)  internal validity 
C)  external validity 
D)  reactivity

Question 19

Which of the following procedures is least likely to be found in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  random sampling 
B)  random assignment 
C)  measurement of the dependent variable 
D)  tests of statistical significance 
A)  random sampling 
B)  random assignment 
C)  measurement of the dependent variable 
D)  tests of statistical significance

Question 20

Generally, mundane realism is considered to be more important than experimental realism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

"External validity" refers to the generalizability of study results.

Which of the following is true of the experimental approach to social research?

Laboratory experiments usually are high in external validity.

Experiments afford less control over extraneous variables than other approaches to social research.

In comparison with laboratory experiments, field experiments

When possible, matching should be substituted for random assignment.

The pool or sample of participants in laboratory experiments most typically consist of a

Experiments tend to be in internal validity and in external validity.

The most common subject role is that of the subject who tries to guess the experimenter's hypothesis in order to sabotage the experiment.

is used to ensure internal validity, whereas increases external validity.

The most common method of selecting a pool or sample of subjects in experiments is simple random sampling.

Laboratory experiments tend to be high in experimental realism and low in mundane realism.

An experiment that has an impact on and seems real to subjects but that bears little resemblance to real-life situations would be in experimental realism and in mundane realism.

Which of the following procedures would be most effective for reducing the impact of demand characteristics?

When was the manipulation check performed in the epileptic seizure experiment?

Use of college student volunteers limits the __________ of an experiment.

Testing and confirming a hypothesis in both laboratory and field experiments, among a variety of populations in a wide range of situations enhances the __________ of experimental findings.

Which of the following procedures is least likely to be found in an experiment?

Generally, mundane realism is considered to be more important than experimental realism.

Introduction

The Nature of Science

Research Ethics

Elements of Research Design

Measurement

Sampling

Experimental Designs

Survey Research

Survey Instrumentation

Field Research

Research Using Available Data

Multiple Methods

Data Processing and Elementary Data Analysis

Multivariate Analysis

Writing Research Reports

Filters

Exam 7: Experimentation

"External validity" refers to the generalizability of study results.

Which of the following is true of the experimental approach to social research?

Laboratory experiments usually are high in external validity.

Experiments afford less control over extraneous variables than other approaches to social research.

In comparison with laboratory experiments, field experiments

When possible, matching should be substituted for random assignment.

The pool or sample of participants in laboratory experiments most typically consist of a

Experiments tend to be __________ in internal validity and __________ in external validity.

The most common subject role is that of the subject who tries to guess the experimenter's hypothesis in order to sabotage the experiment.

__________ is used to ensure internal validity, whereas __________ increases external validity.

The most common method of selecting a pool or sample of subjects in experiments is simple random sampling.

Laboratory experiments tend to be high in experimental realism and low in mundane realism.

An experiment that has an impact on and seems real to subjects but that bears little resemblance to real-life situations would be __________ in experimental realism and __________ in mundane realism.

Which of the following procedures would be most effective for reducing the impact of demand characteristics?

When was the manipulation check performed in the epileptic seizure experiment?

Use of college student volunteers limits the __________ of an experiment.

Testing and confirming a hypothesis in both laboratory and field experiments, among a variety of populations in a wide range of situations enhances the __________ of experimental findings.

Which of the following procedures is least likely to be found in an experiment?

Generally, mundane realism is considered to be more important than experimental realism.

Introduction

The Nature of Science

Research Ethics

Elements of Research Design

Measurement

Sampling

Experimental Designs

Survey Research

Survey Instrumentation

Field Research

Research Using Available Data

Multiple Methods

Data Processing and Elementary Data Analysis

Multivariate Analysis

Writing Research Reports

Filters

Experiments tend to be in internal validity and in external validity.

is used to ensure internal validity, whereas increases external validity.

An experiment that has an impact on and seems real to subjects but that bears little resemblance to real-life situations would be in experimental realism and in mundane realism.