Question 1

Pretesting in an experiment may take the place of a cover story or introduction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Researchers generally agree that debriefing

Accepted Answer

A)  is an optional procedure whose primary purpose is subject enlightenment. 
B)  is easier to carry out in field experiments than in laboratory experiments. 
C)  should be omitted when participants have been deceived because the revelation of deception may prove embarrassing. 
D)  may provide important information about how participants reacted to experimental procedures. 
A)  is an optional procedure whose primary purpose is subject enlightenment. 
B)  is easier to carry out in field experiments than in laboratory experiments. 
C)  should be omitted when participants have been deceived because the revelation of deception may prove embarrassing. 
D)  may provide important information about how participants reacted to experimental procedures.

Question 3

Pretesting in an experiment is most similar to which of the following features of a theatrical production or play?

Accepted Answer

A)  writing the script 
B)  rehearsing the play 
C)  promoting the play to attract an audience 
D)  auditioning actors for roles in the play 
A)  writing the script 
B)  rehearsing the play 
C)  promoting the play to attract an audience 
D)  auditioning actors for roles in the play

Question 4

A manipulation check determines whether the independent variable had a causal influence on the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following is true of the cover story in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is designed to enhance experimental realism. 
B)  It rarely involves deception. 
C)  If sufficiently detailed, it can take the place of debriefing. 
D)  It usually is presented between the manipulation of the independent variable and the measurement of the dependent variable. 
A)  It is designed to enhance experimental realism. 
B)  It rarely involves deception. 
C)  If sufficiently detailed, it can take the place of debriefing. 
D)  It usually is presented between the manipulation of the independent variable and the measurement of the dependent variable.

Question 6

Behavioral measures are generally preferred over self-report measures of the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following is an advantage of survey-based experiments in comparison with laboratory and field experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)  focus on what people say rather than how they act or behave 
B)  use of a larger and more diverse sample of research participants 
C)  random assignment of participants to experimental conditions 
D)  control over the conditions of observation 
A)  focus on what people say rather than how they act or behave 
B)  use of a larger and more diverse sample of research participants 
C)  random assignment of participants to experimental conditions 
D)  control over the conditions of observation

Question 8

Most experiments are conducted with college students as subjects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following is not an essential feature of a true experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  manipulation of the independent variable 
B)  random assignment 
C)  at least one comparison or control group 
D)  laboratory setting 
E)  measurement of the dependent variable 
A)  manipulation of the independent variable 
B)  random assignment 
C)  at least one comparison or control group 
D)  laboratory setting 
E)  measurement of the dependent variable

Question 10

Which of the following stages in a laboratory experiment would be optional?

Accepted Answer

A)  subject recruitment and acquisition of informed consent 
B)  random assignment 
C)  manipulation of the independent variable 
D)  manipulation check 
E)  measurement of the dependent variable 
A)  subject recruitment and acquisition of informed consent 
B)  random assignment 
C)  manipulation of the independent variable 
D)  manipulation check 
E)  measurement of the dependent variable

Question 11

Which of the following is not an advantage that field experiments typically have over laboratory experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)  greater mundane realism 
B)  lower likelihood of experimenter or demand characteristic effects 
C)  closer approximation of real-life situations 
D)  greater sample heterogeneity 
E)  greater control of experimental events 
A)  greater mundane realism 
B)  lower likelihood of experimenter or demand characteristic effects 
C)  closer approximation of real-life situations 
D)  greater sample heterogeneity 
E)  greater control of experimental events

Question 12

The double-blind technique is designed to control for experimenter effects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The notion of demand characteristics suggests that subjects respond to an experimental task

Accepted Answer

A)  strictly according to the "demands" or instructions of the experimenter. 
B)  based on available cues such as the setting, equipment, instructions, and so forth. 
C)  based on experimental demands outlined in the informed consent agreement. 
D)  honestly and naively when they are convinced that the experiment demands it. 
A)  strictly according to the "demands" or instructions of the experimenter. 
B)  based on available cues such as the setting, equipment, instructions, and so forth. 
C)  based on experimental demands outlined in the informed consent agreement. 
D)  honestly and naively when they are convinced that the experiment demands it.

Question 14

In comparison with laboratory experiments, field experiments tend to be

Accepted Answer

A)  higher in internal validity. 
B)  lower in external validity. 
C)  lower in experimental realism. 
D)  higher in mundane realism. 
A)  higher in internal validity. 
B)  lower in external validity. 
C)  lower in experimental realism. 
D)  higher in mundane realism.

Question 15

In a "perfect" experiment, the only rival explanation for the study hypothesis is that the results are due to chance factors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

A strength of laboratory experiments is the absence of reactive measurement effects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Experiments are designed to test causal hypotheses. Carefully explain the logic of experimentation by discussing how experiments effectively meet the three requirements for establishing causal relationships.

Accepted Answer

Experiments are a crucial method for tes

Question 18

Compare the advantages and disadvantages of field experiments versus laboratory experiments.

Accepted Answer

Field experiments and laboratory experim

Question 19

Experimental designs may be incorporated into questionnaire surveys.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

In 1988 Paul Tracy and James Fox conducted a field experiment to measure the extent to which auto body repair shops in Massachusetts inflate repair estimates for collision damage claims to insurance companies. The logic of the research involving obtaining estimates for body-damage repair costs for the same vehicles, under conditions when the damage was covered by insurance and when it was not. In short, they took 1987-model collision-damaged vehicles to selected auto body shops. At each shop, they obtained estimates of repair costs for two cars, one of which was presented as being covered by insurance and the other of which was not. Whether a car was presented as insured or uninsured at a given shop was determined by random assignment. (Statistical results clearly indicated that repair estimates were higher for vehicles presented as insured.)
a. What is the independent variable in this experiment?
b. What is the dependent variable?
c. Suppose that only male drivers in their early twenties posed as owners of the vehicles. What effect, if any, would this have on the internal and external validity of the study?

Accepted Answer

a. The independent variable in this expe

Pretesting in an experiment may take the place of a cover story or introduction.

Researchers generally agree that debriefing

Pretesting in an experiment is most similar to which of the following features of a theatrical production or play?

A manipulation check determines whether the independent variable had a causal influence on the dependent variable.

Which of the following is true of the cover story in an experiment?

Behavioral measures are generally preferred over self-report measures of the dependent variable.

Which of the following is an advantage of survey-based experiments in comparison with laboratory and field experiments?

Most experiments are conducted with college students as subjects.

Which of the following is not an essential feature of a true experiment?

Which of the following stages in a laboratory experiment would be optional?

Which of the following is not an advantage that field experiments typically have over laboratory experiments?

The double-blind technique is designed to control for experimenter effects.

The notion of demand characteristics suggests that subjects respond to an experimental task

In comparison with laboratory experiments, field experiments tend to be

In a "perfect" experiment, the only rival explanation for the study hypothesis is that the results are due to chance factors.

A strength of laboratory experiments is the absence of reactive measurement effects.

Experiments are designed to test causal hypotheses. Carefully explain the logic of experimentation by discussing how experiments effectively meet the three requirements for establishing causal relationships.

Compare the advantages and disadvantages of field experiments versus laboratory experiments.

Experimental designs may be incorporated into questionnaire surveys.

Introduction

The Nature of Science

Research Ethics

Elements of Research Design

Measurement

Sampling

Experimental Designs

Survey Research

Survey Instrumentation

Field Research

Research Using Available Data

Multiple Methods

Data Processing and Elementary Data Analysis

Multivariate Analysis

Writing Research Reports

Filters

Exam 7: Experimentation

Pretesting in an experiment may take the place of a cover story or introduction.

Researchers generally agree that debriefing

Pretesting in an experiment is most similar to which of the following features of a theatrical production or play?

A manipulation check determines whether the independent variable had a causal influence on the dependent variable.

Which of the following is true of the cover story in an experiment?

Behavioral measures are generally preferred over self-report measures of the dependent variable.

Which of the following is an advantage of survey-based experiments in comparison with laboratory and field experiments?

Most experiments are conducted with college students as subjects.

Which of the following is not an essential feature of a true experiment?

Which of the following stages in a laboratory experiment would be optional?

Which of the following is not an advantage that field experiments typically have over laboratory experiments?

The double-blind technique is designed to control for experimenter effects.

The notion of demand characteristics suggests that subjects respond to an experimental task

In comparison with laboratory experiments, field experiments tend to be

In a "perfect" experiment, the only rival explanation for the study hypothesis is that the results are due to chance factors.

A strength of laboratory experiments is the absence of reactive measurement effects.

Experiments are designed to test causal hypotheses. Carefully explain the logic of experimentation by discussing how experiments effectively meet the three requirements for establishing causal relationships.

Compare the advantages and disadvantages of field experiments versus laboratory experiments.

Experimental designs may be incorporated into questionnaire surveys.

Introduction

The Nature of Science

Research Ethics

Elements of Research Design

Measurement

Sampling

Experimental Designs

Survey Research

Survey Instrumentation

Field Research

Research Using Available Data

Multiple Methods

Data Processing and Elementary Data Analysis

Multivariate Analysis

Writing Research Reports

Filters