Question 1

In inductive reasoning, conclusions may go beyond the evidence at hand.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Inductive reasoning generally represents a top-down process, moving from theory to hypothesis to data.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The revelation that Cyril Burt's data on the intelligence of identical twins reared apart were fraudulent demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)  that fraudulence is more likely to occur in the social than in the natural sciences. 
B)  how the public scrutiny of scientific research contributes to scientific "objectivity." 
C)  that social research findings should have no bearing on public policy. 
D)  some areas of social research tend to attract unethical scientists. 
A)  that fraudulence is more likely to occur in the social than in the natural sciences. 
B)  how the public scrutiny of scientific research contributes to scientific "objectivity." 
C)  that social research findings should have no bearing on public policy. 
D)  some areas of social research tend to attract unethical scientists.

Question 4

The most accurate depiction of the scientific process is that it

Accepted Answer

A)  always begins with theory and ends with research. 
B)  involves a continuous interplay between theory and data. 
C)  consists of the logical and empirical proof of hypotheses. 
D)  is an orderly procedure for making systematic observations. 
A)  always begins with theory and ends with research. 
B)  involves a continuous interplay between theory and data. 
C)  consists of the logical and empirical proof of hypotheses. 
D)  is an orderly procedure for making systematic observations.

Question 5

Social scientists have found consistent, substantial empirical support for the following proposition: As the size of a group increases, its complexity increases. This conclusion best represents a

Accepted Answer

A)  theory. 
B)  law. 
C)  hypothesis. 
D)  concept. 
E)  paradigm. 
A)  theory. 
B)  law. 
C)  hypothesis. 
D)  concept. 
E)  paradigm.

Question 6

The principal goal of science is the solution of technical and social problems.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Scientific inquiry always starts with data, from which theories are developed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

According to the deprivation theory of religiosity, people who are denied gratification within the secular society will be more likely to turn to the church as an alternative source of gratification. The United States is a male-dominated society in which women are denied the level of gratification enjoyed by men. Therefore, women will be more religious than men. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  logical inconsistency. 
B)  feminist reasoning. 
C)  deductive reasoning. 
D)  inductive reasoning. 
A)  logical inconsistency. 
B)  feminist reasoning. 
C)  deductive reasoning. 
D)  inductive reasoning.

Question 9

In formulating a hypothesis from a theory, a researcher uses deductive reasoning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which type of theoretical explanation is favored by qualitative researchers?

Accepted Answer

A)  idiographic explanation 
B)  nomothetic explanation 
C)  universal explanation 
D)  abstract causal explanation 
A)  idiographic explanation 
B)  nomothetic explanation 
C)  universal explanation 
D)  abstract causal explanation

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true of scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Scientific theories can be proven logically. 
B)  There can be one and only one true theory of any social phenomenon. 
C)  Theories are less abstract than hypotheses. 
D)  Theories can be expressed as a logically interconnected set of propositions. 
A)  Scientific theories can be proven logically. 
B)  There can be one and only one true theory of any social phenomenon. 
C)  Theories are less abstract than hypotheses. 
D)  Theories can be expressed as a logically interconnected set of propositions.

Question 12

Like many other intellectual endeavors, scientific inquiry relies on tradition, revelation, and intuition as sources of evidence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The most essential, defining "product" of science is

Accepted Answer

A)  ideas in the form of principles and theories. 
B)  technological advances such as telecommunications, laser beams, and computer chips. 
C)  precise measurement and accurate prediction. 
D)  discoveries such as new planets, new organisms, and medical cures. 
A)  ideas in the form of principles and theories. 
B)  technological advances such as telecommunications, laser beams, and computer chips. 
C)  precise measurement and accurate prediction. 
D)  discoveries such as new planets, new organisms, and medical cures.

In inductive reasoning, conclusions may go beyond the evidence at hand.

Inductive reasoning generally represents a top-down process, moving from theory to hypothesis to data.

The revelation that Cyril Burt's data on the intelligence of identical twins reared apart were fraudulent demonstrates

The most accurate depiction of the scientific process is that it

Social scientists have found consistent, substantial empirical support for the following proposition: As the size of a group increases, its complexity increases. This conclusion best represents a

The principal goal of science is the solution of technical and social problems.

Scientific inquiry always starts with data, from which theories are developed.

In formulating a hypothesis from a theory, a researcher uses deductive reasoning.

Which type of theoretical explanation is favored by qualitative researchers?

Which of the following statements is true of scientific theory?

Like many other intellectual endeavors, scientific inquiry relies on tradition, revelation, and intuition as sources of evidence.

The most essential, defining "product" of science is

Introduction

Research Ethics

Elements of Research Design

Measurement

Sampling

Experimentation

Experimental Designs

Survey Research

Survey Instrumentation

Field Research

Research Using Available Data

Multiple Methods

Data Processing and Elementary Data Analysis

Multivariate Analysis

Writing Research Reports

Filters

Exam 2: The Nature of Science

In inductive reasoning, conclusions may go beyond the evidence at hand.

Inductive reasoning generally represents a top-down process, moving from theory to hypothesis to data.

The revelation that Cyril Burt's data on the intelligence of identical twins reared apart were fraudulent demonstrates

The most accurate depiction of the scientific process is that it

Social scientists have found consistent, substantial empirical support for the following proposition: As the size of a group increases, its complexity increases. This conclusion best represents a

The principal goal of science is the solution of technical and social problems.

Scientific inquiry always starts with data, from which theories are developed.

In formulating a hypothesis from a theory, a researcher uses deductive reasoning.

Which type of theoretical explanation is favored by qualitative researchers?

Which of the following statements is true of scientific theory?

Like many other intellectual endeavors, scientific inquiry relies on tradition, revelation, and intuition as sources of evidence.

The most essential, defining "product" of science is

Introduction

Research Ethics

Elements of Research Design

Measurement

Sampling

Experimentation

Experimental Designs

Survey Research

Survey Instrumentation

Field Research

Research Using Available Data

Multiple Methods

Data Processing and Elementary Data Analysis

Multivariate Analysis

Writing Research Reports

Filters