Question 1

Conflict resolution depends, in part, on predispositional variables such as:

Accepted Answer

A)  previous interactions between the antagonists 
B)  personality of the participants 
C)  cultural background 
D)  beliefs about each other 
E)  all of the above 
A)  previous interactions between the antagonists 
B)  personality of the participants 
C)  cultural background 
D)  beliefs about each other 
E)  all of the above

Question 2

Which of the following is the most likely cause of non-cooperation within a group game structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  deindividuation 
B)  coercion 
C)  collective identity of the group 
D)  group size 
E)  normative pressure 
A)  deindividuation 
B)  coercion 
C)  collective identity of the group 
D)  group size 
E)  normative pressure

Question 3

in a study of Canadian and Indian students in bargaining game by Alcock (1975), participants were more _____ when they believed they were advantaged, while Indian students were more _____ in that situation.

Accepted Answer

A)  cooperative, cooperative 
B)  competitive, competitive 
C)  competitive, cooperative 
D)  cooperative, competitive 
E)  none of the above 
A)  cooperative, cooperative 
B)  competitive, competitive 
C)  competitive, cooperative 
D)  cooperative, competitive 
E)  none of the above

Question 4

What is the basic assumption of game theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  people rationally act to maximize rewards and minimize costs 
B)  people attempt to manipulate each other to gain in conflict 
C)  cooperation is always the most rational response 
D)  people play 'games' with each other 
E)  people act emotionally rather than rationally to maximize their rewards 
A)  people rationally act to maximize rewards and minimize costs 
B)  people attempt to manipulate each other to gain in conflict 
C)  cooperation is always the most rational response 
D)  people play 'games' with each other 
E)  people act emotionally rather than rationally to maximize their rewards

Question 5

In a study by Brew et al. (2011) of Chinese and Australian students (European background), the Australian students focused on:

Accepted Answer

A)  appropriateness of communication 
B)  effectiveness of communication 
C)  smoothing approach in their communication 
D)  harmony, building relationships 
E)  none of the above 
A)  appropriateness of communication 
B)  effectiveness of communication 
C)  smoothing approach in their communication 
D)  harmony, building relationships 
E)  none of the above

Question 6

Brinkmanship:

Accepted Answer

A)  is dependent on sincere negotiation 
B)  refers to the game of chicken as played at the international level 
C)  is independent of the credibility of threats 
D)  both a and c 
E)  none of the above 
A)  is dependent on sincere negotiation 
B)  refers to the game of chicken as played at the international level 
C)  is independent of the credibility of threats 
D)  both a and c 
E)  none of the above

Question 7

In conflict resolution, hybrid approaches combine:

Accepted Answer

A)  mediation and final offer 
B)  mediation and communication 
C)  mediation and arbitration 
D)  arbitration and reaching a settlement 
E)  none of the above 
A)  mediation and final offer 
B)  mediation and communication 
C)  mediation and arbitration 
D)  arbitration and reaching a settlement 
E)  none of the above

Question 8

Which of the following is a core collective belief in intergroup conflict?

Accepted Answer

A)  belief that one's own group is superior 
B)  belief that one's group has been wronged by the other 
C)  belief that one's own group is vulnerable to the other 
D)  belief that one's group is collectively helpless 
E)  all of the above 
A)  belief that one's own group is superior 
B)  belief that one's group has been wronged by the other 
C)  belief that one's own group is vulnerable to the other 
D)  belief that one's group is collectively helpless 
E)  all of the above

Question 9

A major constraint placed on the behaviour observed in the Prisoner's Dilemma Game is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the utility preferences 
B)  that individually rational choices are usually collectively irrational 
C)  the absence of communication 
D)  the wide range of alternative responses 
E)  that it revolves solely around an individualistic motivational orientation 
A)  the utility preferences 
B)  that individually rational choices are usually collectively irrational 
C)  the absence of communication 
D)  the wide range of alternative responses 
E)  that it revolves solely around an individualistic motivational orientation

Question 10

Conflict between groups of boys in Sherif's Robbers' Cave experiment was reduced by:

Accepted Answer

A)  communication 
B)  threat-counter-threat 
C)  delayed matching 
D)  superordinate goals 
E)  enhanced group identity 
A)  communication 
B)  threat-counter-threat 
C)  delayed matching 
D)  superordinate goals 
E)  enhanced group identity

Question 11

The most effective strategy for encouraging cooperation in experimental games is:

Accepted Answer

A)  an unconditionally tough strategy 
B)  a fixed strategy 
C)  a tit-for-tat strategy 
D)  a static strategy 
E)  an unconditionally cooperative strategy 
A)  an unconditionally tough strategy 
B)  a fixed strategy 
C)  a tit-for-tat strategy 
D)  a static strategy 
E)  an unconditionally cooperative strategy

Question 12

A threat by one party in a conflict often results in an escalation of threats. This is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  reciprocal uncertainty 
B)  unregulated competition 
C)  misattributed conflicts 
D)  a conflict spiral 
E)  face-saving 
A)  reciprocal uncertainty 
B)  unregulated competition 
C)  misattributed conflicts 
D)  a conflict spiral 
E)  face-saving

Question 13

The mechanism which is most likely to lead to conflict spiral is:

Accepted Answer

A)  overmatching low intensity threats 
B)  overmatching high intensity threats 
C)  tit-for-tat responses 
D)  negative feedback loops 
E)  undermatching high intensity threats 
A)  overmatching low intensity threats 
B)  overmatching high intensity threats 
C)  tit-for-tat responses 
D)  negative feedback loops 
E)  undermatching high intensity threats

Question 14

What is/are the characteristic(s) of a prototypical dangerous game?

Accepted Answer

A)  goal-directed behaviour and threat behaviour are identical 
B)  cooperation cannot help 
C)  any conciliatory move by one player will only encourage the other to press on 
D)  both b and c 
E)  all of the above 
A)  goal-directed behaviour and threat behaviour are identical 
B)  cooperation cannot help 
C)  any conciliatory move by one player will only encourage the other to press on 
D)  both b and c 
E)  all of the above

Question 15

The Prisoner's Dilemma Game:

Accepted Answer

A)  is a zero-sum game 
B)  usually results in cooperative motivation 
C)  often results in individualistic motivation 
D)  a and b 
E)  none of the above 
A)  is a zero-sum game 
B)  usually results in cooperative motivation 
C)  often results in individualistic motivation 
D)  a and b 
E)  none of the above

Question 16

In 'non-zero-sum games':

Accepted Answer

A)  cooperation is impossible 
B)  gains and losses of each player sum up to zero 
C)  more than one motivate is involved 
D)  once competition starts, it does not end until there is a winner 
E)  gains and losses of the players add up to zero on a given trial 
A)  cooperation is impossible 
B)  gains and losses of each player sum up to zero 
C)  more than one motivate is involved 
D)  once competition starts, it does not end until there is a winner 
E)  gains and losses of the players add up to zero on a given trial

Question 17

People are very selective in their interactions, carefully trying to maximize their rewards and minimize their costs. This view is suggested by:

Accepted Answer

A)  social comparison theory 
B)  comparative economic theory 
C)  social exchange theory 
D)  S-R theory 
E)  the theory of behavioural economics 
A)  social comparison theory 
B)  comparative economic theory 
C)  social exchange theory 
D)  S-R theory 
E)  the theory of behavioural economics

Question 18

Unlike mediation, arbitration:

Accepted Answer

A)  is more likely to involve process interventions 
B)  is more indirect 
C)  is usually binding 
D)  is selected by mutual agreement of the disputants 
E)  does not involve content interventions 
A)  is more likely to involve process interventions 
B)  is more indirect 
C)  is usually binding 
D)  is selected by mutual agreement of the disputants 
E)  does not involve content interventions

Question 19

Utility in game theory refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  the fact that the value of an outcome is very personal 
B)  how difficult games are to play 
C)  the fact that rational players act to obtain maximum utility 
D)  the fact that all values are the same 
E)  a and c 
A)  the fact that the value of an outcome is very personal 
B)  how difficult games are to play 
C)  the fact that rational players act to obtain maximum utility 
D)  the fact that all values are the same 
E)  a and c

Question 20

Which of the following is an 'economic' theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  social learning theory 
B)  social exchange theory 
C)  the theory of games 
D)  both b and c 
E)  none of the above 
A)  social learning theory 
B)  social exchange theory 
C)  the theory of games 
D)  both b and c 
E)  none of the above

Conflict resolution depends, in part, on predispositional variables such as:

Which of the following is the most likely cause of non-cooperation within a group game structure?

in a study of Canadian and Indian students in bargaining game by Alcock (1975), participants were more _ when they believed they were advantaged, while Indian students were more _ in that situation.

What is the basic assumption of game theory?

In a study by Brew et al. (2011) of Chinese and Australian students (European background), the Australian students focused on:

Brinkmanship:

In conflict resolution, hybrid approaches combine:

Which of the following is a core collective belief in intergroup conflict?

A major constraint placed on the behaviour observed in the Prisoner's Dilemma Game is:

Conflict between groups of boys in Sherif's Robbers' Cave experiment was reduced by:

The most effective strategy for encouraging cooperation in experimental games is:

A threat by one party in a conflict often results in an escalation of threats. This is referred to as:

The mechanism which is most likely to lead to conflict spiral is:

What is/are the characteristic(s) of a prototypical dangerous game?

The Prisoner's Dilemma Game:

In 'non-zero-sum games':

People are very selective in their interactions, carefully trying to maximize their rewards and minimize their costs. This view is suggested by:

Unlike mediation, arbitration:

Utility in game theory refers to:

Which of the following is an 'economic' theory?

Studying Social Behaviour

Social Perception and Cognition

The Social Self

Attitudes, Ideologies and Values

Attitude Change

Social Influence

Language and Communication

Interpersonal Attraction and Close Relationships

Prosocial Behaviour

Aggression

Social Identity, Groups and Leadership

Prejudice

Crowds and Collective Behaviour

Applied Social Psychology

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Exam 10: Cooperation and Conflict

Conflict resolution depends, in part, on predispositional variables such as:

Which of the following is the most likely cause of non-cooperation within a group game structure?

in a study of Canadian and Indian students in bargaining game by Alcock (1975), participants were more _____ when they believed they were advantaged, while Indian students were more _____ in that situation.

What is the basic assumption of game theory?

In a study by Brew et al. (2011) of Chinese and Australian students (European background), the Australian students focused on:

Brinkmanship:

In conflict resolution, hybrid approaches combine:

Which of the following is a core collective belief in intergroup conflict?

A major constraint placed on the behaviour observed in the Prisoner's Dilemma Game is:

Conflict between groups of boys in Sherif's Robbers' Cave experiment was reduced by:

The most effective strategy for encouraging cooperation in experimental games is:

A threat by one party in a conflict often results in an escalation of threats. This is referred to as:

The mechanism which is most likely to lead to conflict spiral is:

What is/are the characteristic(s) of a prototypical dangerous game?

The Prisoner's Dilemma Game:

In 'non-zero-sum games':

People are very selective in their interactions, carefully trying to maximize their rewards and minimize their costs. This view is suggested by:

Unlike mediation, arbitration:

Utility in game theory refers to:

Which of the following is an 'economic' theory?

Studying Social Behaviour

Social Perception and Cognition

The Social Self

Attitudes, Ideologies and Values

Attitude Change

Social Influence

Language and Communication

Interpersonal Attraction and Close Relationships

Prosocial Behaviour

Aggression

Social Identity, Groups and Leadership

Prejudice

Crowds and Collective Behaviour

Applied Social Psychology

Filters

in a study of Canadian and Indian students in bargaining game by Alcock (1975), participants were more _ when they believed they were advantaged, while Indian students were more _ in that situation.