Question 1

Which of the following is an example of positivist criminology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Criminality is the result of opportunities to commit crime 
B)  Criminality is the result of rational choices to commit crime 
C)  Criminality is the result of some kind of mental illness or disturbance 
D)  Criminality is the result of labelling of certain acts as criminal as part of wider power structures 
A)  Criminality is the result of opportunities to commit crime 
B)  Criminality is the result of rational choices to commit crime 
C)  Criminality is the result of some kind of mental illness or disturbance 
D)  Criminality is the result of labelling of certain acts as criminal as part of wider power structures C

Question 2

Which of the following descriptions of theories following the rational actor model is unique to the routine activities theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Punishment should fit the crime 
B)  Focus on prevention and limiting opportunities for crime, rather than trying to explain it 
C)  Despite there being a rational choice to offend, external factors (age, location, etc.) can influence how rational the choice appears to the potential offender 
D)  Offenders make a rational choice to commit a crime 
A)  Punishment should fit the crime 
B)  Focus on prevention and limiting opportunities for crime, rather than trying to explain it 
C)  Despite there being a rational choice to offend, external factors (age, location, etc.) can influence how rational the choice appears to the potential offender 
D)  Offenders make a rational choice to commit a crime B

Question 3

Which of the following defines anomie?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gaining wealth through illegitimate means 
B)  Being part of a sub-culture 
C)  A state of disjuncture between the dominant goals of society and the legitimate means of achieving them 
D)  A state of acceptance of the dominant goals of society and the legitimate means of achieving them 
A)  Gaining wealth through illegitimate means 
B)  Being part of a sub-culture 
C)  A state of disjuncture between the dominant goals of society and the legitimate means of achieving them 
D)  A state of acceptance of the dominant goals of society and the legitimate means of achieving them C

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the victimised actor model of crime?

Accepted Answer

A)  Crime and delinquency the result of opportunities to commit crime 
B)  Crime and delinquency are socially generated and reflective of societal power structures 
C)  Crime and delinquency are the product of environmental and/or biological factors 
D)  Crime and delinquency are caused by the physical and social landscape in cities and neighbourhoods 
A)  Crime and delinquency the result of opportunities to commit crime 
B)  Crime and delinquency are socially generated and reflective of societal power structures 
C)  Crime and delinquency are the product of environmental and/or biological factors 
D)  Crime and delinquency are caused by the physical and social landscape in cities and neighbourhoods

Question 5

Which of the following best describes 'Differential Association' as used in the context of sub-cultural theories of crime

Accepted Answer

A)  Crime is socially constructed 
B)  Those who offend make rational decisions to do so 
C)  Association with those who commit a crime will make someone less likely to commit crime themselves 
D)  Criminal behaviour is learnt through social relations and acceptance/rejection from certain social groups 
A)  Crime is socially constructed 
B)  Those who offend make rational decisions to do so 
C)  Association with those who commit a crime will make someone less likely to commit crime themselves 
D)  Criminal behaviour is learnt through social relations and acceptance/rejection from certain social groups

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a theory that follows a pre-destined actor model of crime?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alienation and anomie 
B)  Biological explanations 
C)  Ecological explanations 
D)  Conflict theory 
A)  Alienation and anomie 
B)  Biological explanations 
C)  Ecological explanations 
D)  Conflict theory

Question 7

Which of the following best describes conflict theories of crime?

Accepted Answer

A)  Crime/criminal behaviour is caused by the physical and social landscape in cities and neighbourhoods 
B)  Crime/criminal behaviour is caused by biological predispositions 
C)  Crime/criminal behaviour is caused by crime opportunities 
D)  Crime/criminal behaviour is caused by the labelling of certain acts as criminal as part of wider power structures 
A)  Crime/criminal behaviour is caused by the physical and social landscape in cities and neighbourhoods 
B)  Crime/criminal behaviour is caused by biological predispositions 
C)  Crime/criminal behaviour is caused by crime opportunities 
D)  Crime/criminal behaviour is caused by the labelling of certain acts as criminal as part of wider power structures

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the ecological explanation of crime?

Accepted Answer

A)  Crime/criminal behaviour is caused by the physical and social landscape in cities and neighbourhoods 
B)  Crime/criminal behaviour is caused by biological predispositions 
C)  Crime/criminal behaviour is caused by crime opportunities 
D)  Crime/criminal behaviour is caused by the labelling of certain acts as criminal as part of wider power structures 
A)  Crime/criminal behaviour is caused by the physical and social landscape in cities and neighbourhoods 
B)  Crime/criminal behaviour is caused by biological predispositions 
C)  Crime/criminal behaviour is caused by crime opportunities 
D)  Crime/criminal behaviour is caused by the labelling of certain acts as criminal as part of wider power structures

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the focus of theories following a pre-destined actor model of crime?

Accepted Answer

A)  Crime/criminal behaviour can be explained as rational choices made by the offender 
B)  Crime/criminal behaviour can be explained as the product of environmental and/or biological factors 
C)  Crime/criminal behaviour can be explained as solely biologically driven 
D)  Crime/criminal behaviour can be explained as socially generated, and reflective of existing power structures 
A)  Crime/criminal behaviour can be explained as rational choices made by the offender 
B)  Crime/criminal behaviour can be explained as the product of environmental and/or biological factors 
C)  Crime/criminal behaviour can be explained as solely biologically driven 
D)  Crime/criminal behaviour can be explained as socially generated, and reflective of existing power structures

Question 10

Which of the following theories follows a rational actor model of crime?

Accepted Answer

A)  Labelling theory 
B)  Ecological explanations 
C)  Routine activities theory 
D)  Positivism 
A)  Labelling theory 
B)  Ecological explanations 
C)  Routine activities theory 
D)  Positivism

Exam 5: Approaches to Criminological Theory

Which of the following is an example of positivist criminology?

Which of the following descriptions of theories following the rational actor model is unique to the routine activities theory?

Which of the following defines anomie?

Which of the following best describes the victimised actor model of crime?

Which of the following best describes 'Differential Association' as used in the context of sub-cultural theories of crime

Which of the following is NOT a theory that follows a pre-destined actor model of crime?

Which of the following best describes conflict theories of crime?

Which of the following best describes the ecological explanation of crime?

Which of the following best describes the focus of theories following a pre-destined actor model of crime?

Which of the following theories follows a rational actor model of crime?

History of Crime

Crime, Victimisation and Criminology

Tool of the Trade: Crime, Survey and Big Data

Crime and the Media

Social Harm and Zemiology

Feminist Criminologies

Developmental and Life-Course Criminology

Cultural Criminology: An Introduction

Southern and Comparative Criminology

Cybercrime

Terrorism

Corporate Crime and the Regulation of Ecocide

Organised and Transnational Crime

Green Crimes and Green Criminology

Trafficking and Exploitation

Hate Crime

Race and Racialized Crime

Gender, Crime Victimisation

Social Control

Models of Justice

Partnership and Multi-Agency Working: Tackling Domestic Abuse

Policing

The Crown Prosecution Service

The Court System in England Wales

Out of Court Disposals Diversion

Non-Custodial Sentencing

Prisons

Youth Crime and Youth Justice

Victims, Witnesses and the Criminal Justice System

Being a Criminologist and Doing Real-World Criminological Research

Filters