Question 1

Which of the following best describes the risk factor paradigm?

Accepted Answer

A)  Concerned with minimising interventions for children who offend 
B)  Concerned with reducing the risk of child offending rather than rehabilitation 
C)  Concerned with addressing the welfare needs of children who offend 
D)  Concerned with rehabilitating child offenders 
A)  Concerned with minimising interventions for children who offend 
B)  Concerned with reducing the risk of child offending rather than rehabilitation 
C)  Concerned with addressing the welfare needs of children who offend 
D)  Concerned with rehabilitating child offenders B

Question 2

Why is 'youth justice' or children offending considered to be a social construct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children can be given custodial sentences for offending behaviour 
B)  Definitions and approaches to youth crime change frequently and vary massively internationally 
C)  Children offending are treated similarly to adults offending in England and Wales 
D)  The age of the MACR is too young 
A)  Children can be given custodial sentences for offending behaviour 
B)  Definitions and approaches to youth crime change frequently and vary massively internationally 
C)  Children offending are treated similarly to adults offending in England and Wales 
D)  The age of the MACR is too young B

Question 3

What are the key features of the welfare model of youth justice that was only partially employed in England and Wales prior to the 'back to justice' movement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Treats offending by children as exactly the same as offending by adults and interventions should be similar regardless of age 
B)  Treats offending as a symptom of underlying welfare need and interventions should aim to tackle root causes 
C)  Treats offending as something most children grow out of and interventions should be kept to a minimum outside of serious cases 
D)  Treats offending as behaviour that contravenes criminal legislation and interventions should be proportionate to the seriousness of the offending 
A)  Treats offending by children as exactly the same as offending by adults and interventions should be similar regardless of age 
B)  Treats offending as a symptom of underlying welfare need and interventions should aim to tackle root causes 
C)  Treats offending as something most children grow out of and interventions should be kept to a minimum outside of serious cases 
D)  Treats offending as behaviour that contravenes criminal legislation and interventions should be proportionate to the seriousness of the offending B

Question 4

What is currently the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) in England and Wales?

Accepted Answer

A)  12 years old 
B)  16 years old 
C)  10 years old 
D)  18 years old 
A)  12 years old 
B)  16 years old 
C)  10 years old 
D)  18 years old

Question 5

What is the main issue with measuring youth crime?

Accepted Answer

A)  Current measures of crime exclude children 
B)  Victim surveys are considered the best measure of the volume of crime and do not offer information on the age of offenders 
C)  Children can't consent to be measured 
D)  It is not possible to measure the age of offenders 
A)  Current measures of crime exclude children 
B)  Victim surveys are considered the best measure of the volume of crime and do not offer information on the age of offenders 
C)  Children can't consent to be measured 
D)  It is not possible to measure the age of offenders

Question 6

What is the main difference between the youth justice teams of the late 1970s and youth offending teams of the late 1990s?

Accepted Answer

A)  Youth justice teams were created later than youth offending teams 
B)  Youth justice teams aimed to advocate for children and reduce intervention for offending, Youth offending teams aimed to supervise children who broke the law. 
C)  Youth justice teams aimed to supervise children who broke the law, Youth offending teams aimed to advocate for children and reduce intervention for offending 
D)  Youth justice teams were created earlier than youth offending teams 
A)  Youth justice teams were created later than youth offending teams 
B)  Youth justice teams aimed to advocate for children and reduce intervention for offending, Youth offending teams aimed to supervise children who broke the law. 
C)  Youth justice teams aimed to supervise children who broke the law, Youth offending teams aimed to advocate for children and reduce intervention for offending 
D)  Youth justice teams were created earlier than youth offending teams

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the meaning of the term doli incapax?

Accepted Answer

A)  Knowingly breaking the law 
B)  Deemed capable of committing a crime 
C)  Deemed incapable of intending to commit a crime 
D)  Deemed incapable of committing a crime 
A)  Knowingly breaking the law 
B)  Deemed capable of committing a crime 
C)  Deemed incapable of intending to commit a crime 
D)  Deemed incapable of committing a crime

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a main argument advocating a review of the MACR in England and Wales?

Accepted Answer

A)  Other social safeguarding policies, such as being able to legally drink, are at a much higher activity than the MACR 
B)  Contact with the criminal justice system is damaging for children 
C)  The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child suggest that signatories to the UNCRC should increase their MACR to at least 14 years old 
D)  The MACR has stayed the same for a long time 
A)  Other social safeguarding policies, such as being able to legally drink, are at a much higher activity than the MACR 
B)  Contact with the criminal justice system is damaging for children 
C)  The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child suggest that signatories to the UNCRC should increase their MACR to at least 14 years old 
D)  The MACR has stayed the same for a long time

Question 9

Which of the following was NOT a feature of the 'back to justice' movement in England and Wales (1970s-1990s)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Minimum intervention for children who offend 
B)  Children who offend should be dealt with by the criminal justice system 
C)  The creation of a new family proceedings court 
D)  The belief that most children grow out of offending behaviours 
A)  Minimum intervention for children who offend 
B)  Children who offend should be dealt with by the criminal justice system 
C)  The creation of a new family proceedings court 
D)  The belief that most children grow out of offending behaviours

Question 10

Which of the following changes in youth justice was NOT a consequence of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998?

Accepted Answer

A)  The raised MACR 
B)  The abolishment of doli incapax 
C)  The minimisation of risk became more important than rehabilitation 
D)  The establishment of Youth Offending Teams 
A)  The raised MACR 
B)  The abolishment of doli incapax 
C)  The minimisation of risk became more important than rehabilitation 
D)  The establishment of Youth Offending Teams

Exam 29: Youth Crime and Youth Justice

Which of the following best describes the risk factor paradigm?

Why is 'youth justice' or children offending considered to be a social construct?

What are the key features of the welfare model of youth justice that was only partially employed in England and Wales prior to the 'back to justice' movement?

What is currently the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) in England and Wales?

What is the main issue with measuring youth crime?

What is the main difference between the youth justice teams of the late 1970s and youth offending teams of the late 1990s?

Which of the following best describes the meaning of the term doli incapax?

Which of the following is NOT a main argument advocating a review of the MACR in England and Wales?

Which of the following was NOT a feature of the 'back to justice' movement in England and Wales (1970s-1990s)?

Which of the following changes in youth justice was NOT a consequence of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998?

History of Crime

Crime, Victimisation and Criminology

Tool of the Trade: Crime, Survey and Big Data

Crime and the Media

Approaches to Criminological Theory

Social Harm and Zemiology

Feminist Criminologies

Developmental and Life-Course Criminology

Cultural Criminology: An Introduction

Southern and Comparative Criminology

Cybercrime

Terrorism

Corporate Crime and the Regulation of Ecocide

Organised and Transnational Crime

Green Crimes and Green Criminology

Trafficking and Exploitation

Hate Crime

Race and Racialized Crime

Gender, Crime Victimisation

Social Control

Models of Justice

Partnership and Multi-Agency Working: Tackling Domestic Abuse

Policing

The Crown Prosecution Service

The Court System in England Wales

Out of Court Disposals Diversion

Non-Custodial Sentencing

Prisons

Victims, Witnesses and the Criminal Justice System

Being a Criminologist and Doing Real-World Criminological Research

Filters