Question 1

Why is the gulf between rural and urban experiences widening?

Accepted Answer

A)  Population and wealth grew more concentrated in urban areas 
B)  Due to the growth of the world population 
C)  Due to the growth of rurality 
D)  Wealth concentrated in the richest 1 per cent 
E)  Rural areas are less developed 
A)  Population and wealth grew more concentrated in urban areas 
B)  Due to the growth of the world population 
C)  Due to the growth of rurality 
D)  Wealth concentrated in the richest 1 per cent 
E)  Rural areas are less developed

Question 2

How can the apparently obvious division between rural and urban be described?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amenable 
B)  As quite ambiguous 
C)  Equilibrated 
D)  Advanced 
E)  Promising 
A)  Amenable 
B)  As quite ambiguous 
C)  Equilibrated 
D)  Advanced 
E)  Promising

Question 3

The SDGs are an example of how rural poverty has been overlooked by development policy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

What is unique about Ester Boserup's analysis of rural transformation?

Accepted Answer

Earlier ideas of rural transformation as

Question 5

Explain the four material features of rurality.

Accepted Answer

Beyond the logic of national statistical

Question 6

Participatory rural appraisal rejects top-down development strategies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The 2008 spike in food prices resulted in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Political protests against the rising costs of food and oil 
B)  Food riots 
C)  Increased livelihoods for most rural communities and farmers 
D)  Dominance of farmers in economic development 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Political protests against the rising costs of food and oil 
B)  Food riots 
C)  Increased livelihoods for most rural communities and farmers 
D)  Dominance of farmers in economic development 
E)  All of the above

Question 8

The first incidence of restructuring rural communities is traced to the onset of the development era.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The rural poor are all "small farmers."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following is true about official development assistance targeting the rural sector?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has continually increased in recent years and will continue to do so in the foreseeable future. 
B)  While it has increased since the 2008 food crisis, it remains far below past benchmarks. 
C)  It has stagnated in recent years, fluctuating one or two per cent up or down at most. 
D)  It has become increasingly tied to performance indicators. 
E)  It is non-existent. 
A)  It has continually increased in recent years and will continue to do so in the foreseeable future. 
B)  While it has increased since the 2008 food crisis, it remains far below past benchmarks. 
C)  It has stagnated in recent years, fluctuating one or two per cent up or down at most. 
D)  It has become increasingly tied to performance indicators. 
E)  It is non-existent.

Question 11

Global data evidences that in some instances "small" farms can be more productive than "large farms."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Official development assistance is now more frequently targeted towards rural areas.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Why was integrated rural development appealing to the World Bank?

Accepted Answer

A)  It was thought to be more effective than piecemeal projects. 
B)  It ensured that funding would be directed to those who were most in need. 
C)  It combated the tendency for funding allocation to be politically motivated. 
D)  It targeted the most vulnerable members of society. 
E)  Piecemeal development had been successful elsewhere. 
A)  It was thought to be more effective than piecemeal projects. 
B)  It ensured that funding would be directed to those who were most in need. 
C)  It combated the tendency for funding allocation to be politically motivated. 
D)  It targeted the most vulnerable members of society. 
E)  Piecemeal development had been successful elsewhere.

Question 14

World Bank and the Food and Agriculture Organization hesitate to present aggregated data as if "rural" meant the same thing in all places.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Unlike the World Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers, what does a Sustainable Livelihoods approach do?

Accepted Answer

A)  Focuses only on protecting and promoting subsistence farming 
B)  Argues that all rural poor are farmers first 
C)  Promotes industrialization in rural areas 
D)  Challenges the assumption that all rural poor are farmers 
E)  Adopts a "farming first" mentality 
A)  Focuses only on protecting and promoting subsistence farming 
B)  Argues that all rural poor are farmers first 
C)  Promotes industrialization in rural areas 
D)  Challenges the assumption that all rural poor are farmers 
E)  Adopts a "farming first" mentality

Question 16

How has development assistance for rural sectors declined?

Accepted Answer

A)  The AFF's share of ODA in 2018 was 5.1 per cent, much less than the 17 per cent share it held in the early 1980s 
B)  The AFF's share of ODA in 2018 was 17.1 per cent, much less than the 20 per cent share it held in the early 1980s 
C)  The AFF's share of ODA in 2018 was 5.1 per cent, much less than the 17 per cent share it held in the early 2000s 
D)  The AFF's share of ODA in 2000 was 5.1 per cent, much less than the 17 per cent share it held in the early 1980s 
E)  It has not 
A)  The AFF's share of ODA in 2018 was 5.1 per cent, much less than the 17 per cent share it held in the early 1980s 
B)  The AFF's share of ODA in 2018 was 17.1 per cent, much less than the 20 per cent share it held in the early 1980s 
C)  The AFF's share of ODA in 2018 was 5.1 per cent, much less than the 17 per cent share it held in the early 2000s 
D)  The AFF's share of ODA in 2000 was 5.1 per cent, much less than the 17 per cent share it held in the early 1980s 
E)  It has not

Question 17

How do Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers impact rural poverty?

Accepted Answer

In 1999, the Structural Adjustment Progr

Question 18

Rural communities and farmers do not benefit from rising commodity prices because ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  they do not use technology 
B)  they should go to big cities 
C)  the costs of selling outputs are also very high 
D)  the costs of purchased inputs are not high 
E)  the costs of purchased inputs are also very high 
A)  they do not use technology 
B)  they should go to big cities 
C)  the costs of selling outputs are also very high 
D)  the costs of purchased inputs are not high 
E)  the costs of purchased inputs are also very high

Question 19

What are the four enduring material features of rurality?

Accepted Answer

First, a relative abundance of natural c

Question 20

According to Marx, _____________ powers economic growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  population growth 
B)  exogenous technological change 
C)  localized technological change 
D)  the streamlining of agricultural production 
E)  intensification 
A)  population growth 
B)  exogenous technological change 
C)  localized technological change 
D)  the streamlining of agricultural production 
E)  intensification

Exam 19: Rural Development

Why is the gulf between rural and urban experiences widening?

How can the apparently obvious division between rural and urban be described?

The SDGs are an example of how rural poverty has been overlooked by development policy.

What is unique about Ester Boserup's analysis of rural transformation?

Explain the four material features of rurality.

Participatory rural appraisal rejects top-down development strategies.

The 2008 spike in food prices resulted in which of the following?

The first incidence of restructuring rural communities is traced to the onset of the development era.

The rural poor are all "small farmers."

Which of the following is true about official development assistance targeting the rural sector?

Global data evidences that in some instances "small" farms can be more productive than "large farms."

Official development assistance is now more frequently targeted towards rural areas.

Why was integrated rural development appealing to the World Bank?

World Bank and the Food and Agriculture Organization hesitate to present aggregated data as if "rural" meant the same thing in all places.

Unlike the World Bank's Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers, what does a Sustainable Livelihoods approach do?

How has development assistance for rural sectors declined?

How do Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers impact rural poverty?

Rural communities and farmers do not benefit from rising commodity prices because ____________.

What are the four enduring material features of rurality?

According to Marx, _____________ powers economic growth?

What Is Development? From Economic Growth to the Sustainable Development Goals

Imperialism and the Colonial Experience

Theories of Development Economics

The Critical Political Economy of Development

Post-development and Alternatives to Development

Gender and Development: Theoretical Insights and International Commitments

Globalization and Development

State of the State: Does the State Have a Role in Development?

National Development Agencies and Bilateral Aid

The International Financial Institutions

The United Nations and Multilateral Actors in Development

Private Enterprise and Development

Civil Society and Development

China and the Emerging Economies

Debt and Development

Free Trade, Fair Trade, and South-South Trade

Democracy

Climate Change, Environment, and Development

Urban Development: Cities in the Global South

Development and Health

Conflict and Development

Refugees and International Development Policy and Practice

Indigenous Community Economic Resilience

Culture and Development

Measuring and Evaluating Poverty

Inequality and Social Policy

Planning and Appraising Development Projects

Humanitarian Assistance and Intervention

Ethics of Development, by Des Gasper

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