Question 1

What is magnitude of an association?

Accepted Answer

A)  highest value among set of numbers 
B)  ratio of values among two numbers 
C)  cumulative number of a set of values 
D)  size of the difference between values 
A)  highest value among set of numbers 
B)  ratio of values among two numbers 
C)  cumulative number of a set of values 
D)  size of the difference between values

Question 2

What is the definition of the term data?

Accepted Answer

A)  a numeric value within a specified range 
B)  information collected on characteristics 
C)  a collection of numbers within a set 
D)  positive or negative numeric values 
A)  a numeric value within a specified range 
B)  information collected on characteristics 
C)  a collection of numbers within a set 
D)  positive or negative numeric values

Question 3

A statistical model is developed by a team of researchers who predict the probability of a financial debt going bad after 90 days. The prediction made by the model is based on several variables such as age, education, credit score, and average savings balance of the debtor. Which is the dependent variable in this model?

Accepted Answer

A)  probability of bad debt 
B)  age of debtor 
C)  education of debtor 
D)  average savings balance 
A)  probability of bad debt 
B)  age of debtor 
C)  education of debtor 
D)  average savings balance

Question 4

With the help of an example, illustrate the difference between data and numbers.

Accepted Answer

Data and numbers are often used intercha

Question 5

What distinguishes data from a number or numbers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both terms are interchangeable. 
B)  Numbers with unit measures are data. 
C)  Data are numbers with attached meaning. 
D)  A number collected on a topic is data. 
A)  Both terms are interchangeable. 
B)  Numbers with unit measures are data. 
C)  Data are numbers with attached meaning. 
D)  A number collected on a topic is data.

Question 6

The term "datum" is the singular form of the term "data."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following defines the expression "interpret numbers?"

Accepted Answer

A)  explain how numbers answer a question 
B)  present numbers in a chart or table 
C)  identify how variables are associated 
D)  make a decision with numbers 
A)  explain how numbers answer a question 
B)  present numbers in a chart or table 
C)  identify how variables are associated 
D)  make a decision with numbers

Question 8

A research study is conducted on the profitability, that is, net quarterly profit, of small businesses (less than 20 employees) in the township of East Brunswick, NJ, for the year 2019. Identify the variables and constants of the study. Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

The variables in this study are the net

Question 9

The net profit of a fertilizer company fell by 4% from 2018 to 2019. This statement enumerates the magnitude of association between net profit and time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following statements best describes the goal of exploratory research?

Accepted Answer

A)  understand how a phenomenon works 
B)  identify cause and effect relationship 
C)  describe a pattern in the data 
D)  explore several variables in data 
A)  understand how a phenomenon works 
B)  identify cause and effect relationship 
C)  describe a pattern in the data 
D)  explore several variables in data

Question 11

Describe the goal of evaluation research in a study, with an example.

Accepted Answer

The goal of evaluation research in a stu

Question 12

When comparing two or more values, what does direction of association refer to?

Accepted Answer

A)  the trend in the values 
B)  Which value is higher 
C)  negative or positive change 
D)  difference between numbers 
A)  the trend in the values 
B)  Which value is higher 
C)  negative or positive change 
D)  difference between numbers

Question 13

The goal of exploratory research is to understand how a phenomenon works and its causes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following best describes inductive research?

Accepted Answer

A)  outlines a theory from observation 
B)  uses data to develop a theory 
C)  generates a hypothesis 
D)  tests a hypothesis using data 
A)  outlines a theory from observation 
B)  uses data to develop a theory 
C)  generates a hypothesis 
D)  tests a hypothesis using data

Question 15

What is the requirement of a good hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  state the predicted direction of association 
B)  give the predicted magnitude of association 
C)  specify both direction and magnitude of association 
D)  define the outcome and independent variables 
A)  state the predicted direction of association 
B)  give the predicted magnitude of association 
C)  specify both direction and magnitude of association 
D)  define the outcome and independent variables

Question 16

Explain why it is important to both report and interpret numbers when presenting the results of a research study.

Accepted Answer

It is important to both report and inter

Question 17

An assumption is made that adults between the ages of 18-25 have more points on their driving record than adults aged 26-60 years. Data are collected from the driving records of a random sample to test this assumption. What type of research does this signify?

Accepted Answer

A)  descriptive 
B)  inductive 
C)  empirical 
D)  deductive 
A)  descriptive 
B)  inductive 
C)  empirical 
D)  deductive

Question 18

Construct a real-world study of explanatory research to be conducted by you. Describe the steps you would take, including defining the hypothesis, to complete the study. Use research terminology to explain your steps.

Accepted Answer

Real-world study of explanatory research

Question 19

In research terminology, what does the word "theory" mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  a hypothetical explanation of some social event 
B)  an idea about some aspect of the world 
C)  a hypothesis developed from observation or data 
D)  an explanation of some phenomena 
A)  a hypothetical explanation of some social event 
B)  an idea about some aspect of the world 
C)  a hypothesis developed from observation or data 
D)  an explanation of some phenomena

Question 20

For the research study you outlined in Question 1, describe the types of reports you would create to present the numbers and analysis results of the study.

Accepted Answer

For the research study outlined in Quest

What is magnitude of an association?

What is the definition of the term data?

With the help of an example, illustrate the difference between data and numbers.

What distinguishes data from a number or numbers?

The term "datum" is the singular form of the term "data."

Which of the following defines the expression "interpret numbers?"

A research study is conducted on the profitability, that is, net quarterly profit, of small businesses (less than 20 employees) in the township of East Brunswick, NJ, for the year 2019. Identify the variables and constants of the study. Explain your answer.

The net profit of a fertilizer company fell by 4% from 2018 to 2019. This statement enumerates the magnitude of association between net profit and time.

Which of the following statements best describes the goal of exploratory research?

Describe the goal of evaluation research in a study, with an example.

When comparing two or more values, what does direction of association refer to?

The goal of exploratory research is to understand how a phenomenon works and its causes.

Which of the following best describes inductive research?

What is the requirement of a good hypothesis?

Explain why it is important to both report and interpret numbers when presenting the results of a research study.

An assumption is made that adults between the ages of 18-25 have more points on their driving record than adults aged 26-60 years. Data are collected from the driving records of a random sample to test this assumption. What type of research does this signify?

Construct a real-world study of explanatory research to be conducted by you. Describe the steps you would take, including defining the hypothesis, to complete the study. Use research terminology to explain your steps.

In research terminology, what does the word "theory" mean?

For the research study you outlined in Question 1, describe the types of reports you would create to present the numbers and analysis results of the study.

Introduction to Making Sense of Numbers

Topic and Conceptualization

Measurement

Context

Working With Tables

Working With Charts and Visualizations

Comparison Values, Contrast Sizes, and Standards

Numbers, Comparisons, and Calculations

Distributions and Associations

Bias

Causality

Uncertainty of Numeric Estimates

Communicating Quantitative Research

The Role of Research Methods in Making Sense of Numbers

Filters

Exam 2: Foundational Concepts for Quantitative Research

What is magnitude of an association?

What is the definition of the term data?

With the help of an example, illustrate the difference between data and numbers.

What distinguishes data from a number or numbers?

The term "datum" is the singular form of the term "data."

Which of the following defines the expression "interpret numbers?"

A research study is conducted on the profitability, that is, net quarterly profit, of small businesses (less than 20 employees) in the township of East Brunswick, NJ, for the year 2019. Identify the variables and constants of the study. Explain your answer.

The net profit of a fertilizer company fell by 4% from 2018 to 2019. This statement enumerates the magnitude of association between net profit and time.

Which of the following statements best describes the goal of exploratory research?

Describe the goal of evaluation research in a study, with an example.

When comparing two or more values, what does direction of association refer to?

The goal of exploratory research is to understand how a phenomenon works and its causes.

Which of the following best describes inductive research?

What is the requirement of a good hypothesis?

Explain why it is important to both report and interpret numbers when presenting the results of a research study.

An assumption is made that adults between the ages of 18-25 have more points on their driving record than adults aged 26-60 years. Data are collected from the driving records of a random sample to test this assumption. What type of research does this signify?

Construct a real-world study of explanatory research to be conducted by you. Describe the steps you would take, including defining the hypothesis, to complete the study. Use research terminology to explain your steps.

In research terminology, what does the word "theory" mean?

For the research study you outlined in Question 1, describe the types of reports you would create to present the numbers and analysis results of the study.

Introduction to Making Sense of Numbers

Topic and Conceptualization

Measurement

Context

Working With Tables

Working With Charts and Visualizations

Comparison Values, Contrast Sizes, and Standards

Numbers, Comparisons, and Calculations

Distributions and Associations

Bias

Causality

Uncertainty of Numeric Estimates

Communicating Quantitative Research

The Role of Research Methods in Making Sense of Numbers

Filters