Chat with AIExam 9: Learning Theories
Ron Akers reformulated and expanded Sutherland's differential association theory. Akers retains the concept of differential association. Which of the following concepts does he add to it?
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Anderson's Code of the Streets explains urban youth violence. How could this theory be applied to rural youth violence? What elements would remain the same and which would need to change?
(43) 
Answered by Examlex AI CopilotAnderson's Code of the Streets theory could be applied to rural youth violence by understanding that the same underlying social and economic factors that contribute to urban youth violence can also be present in rural communities. Elements that would remain the same include the influence of poverty, lack of access to resources and opportunities, and the presence of a subculture that glorifies violence as a means of gaining respect and status.
However, there are also elements that would need to change when applying this theory to rural youth violence. For example, the specific dynamics of rural communities, such as isolation, limited access to law enforcement and social services, and a different set of community norms and values, would need to be taken into account. Additionally, the ways in which youth in rural areas may experience and respond to violence could be different from their urban counterparts, and these differences would need to be considered in any application of Anderson's theory to rural youth violence.
Overall, while the core principles of Anderson's Code of the Streets theory can be applied to rural youth violence, it is important to recognize and address the unique challenges and dynamics present in rural communities in order to effectively address and prevent youth violence in these areas.
One assumption of subcultural theories is that violence is expected at all times,
regardless of the situation.
(42) VerifiedFalse
Unlike classical theories, learning theories assume that motivation to commit crime is variable (i.e., not everyone is motivated to commit crime).
(37) What is Tarde's Law of Imitation? How can the three laws of imitation be used to describe the learning process?
(37) The concept of reciprocal feedback effects, as it pertains to learning theory, assumes that:
(29) The socialization model under contemporary learning theories suggests that:
(30) What are the nine propositions of Sutherland's differential association theory? Which one do you believe is the most important in explaining criminal behavior from the perspective of learning theory? Defend your position.
(33) The "father" of differential association and modern criminology is:
(32) According to early learning theories (e.g., differential association):
(31) What are the historical precursors to the development of the subculture of violence theory? Are there other experiences in the American experience that contribute to or reduce the subculture of violence?
(34) According to Anderson's subcultural theory, people adopt one code for dealing with violence and stick with it for life.
(35) What was the Bobo Doll experiment? What did this experiment teach us about human behavior? How do its findings translate to criminal behavior?
(27) How are learning theories in criminology an extension of psychological theories? Which psychological theories are rooted in learning?
(31) According to operant conditioning theory, people's behavior is influenced and shaped
by punishments and rewards and it is these punishments and rewards that teach people how to behave.
(34) Albert Bandura is a social psychologist who believed that individuals learn behavior by modeling others.
(32) According to Akers, differential association with persons who hold definitions favorable to violations of the law have four essential elements. These elements are:
(36) Do you believe the Glueck's suggestion that "birds of a feather, flock together"? Why or why not? Is it possible for some youth to have delinquent friends and not become delinquents themselves? What conditions would need to be present for this to happen?
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