Question 1

What are the three main categories of criminological theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  Individual differences; structure/process; behavior of criminal law 
B)  Classical; positivist; moderate 
C)  Puritan; Quaker; subcultural 
D)  Social control; strain; deterrence 
A)  Individual differences; structure/process; behavior of criminal law 
B)  Classical; positivist; moderate 
C)  Puritan; Quaker; subcultural 
D)  Social control; strain; deterrence A

Question 2

Bernard and his colleagues discuss three different ways of thinking about crime (i.e., assumptions about criminal behavior). Which one of the choices below is NOT one of the them?

Accepted Answer

A)  Criminal behavior is a result of how laws are written and enforced 
B)  Criminal behavior is freely chosen 
C)  Criminal behavior is a natural phenomenon 
D)  Criminal behavior is beyond the control of individuals 
A)  Criminal behavior is a result of how laws are written and enforced 
B)  Criminal behavior is freely chosen 
C)  Criminal behavior is a natural phenomenon 
D)  Criminal behavior is beyond the control of individuals C

Question 3

Correlation means that two variables:

Accepted Answer

A)  Are not related 
B)  Vary together in an unsystematic way 
C)  Vary together in a systematic way 
D)  Are causally related 
A)  Are not related 
B)  Vary together in an unsystematic way 
C)  Vary together in a systematic way 
D)  Are causally related C

Question 4

Theories that have a coherent explanation of why two or more things are related are said to have theoretical rationale.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Causal relationships are statements of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Probability 
B)  Relevance 
C)  Believability 
D)  Deference 
A)  Probability 
B)  Relevance 
C)  Believability 
D)  Deference

Question 6

The behavior of criminal law explanation of crime suggests that people are driven to crime through opportunity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Examples of punishments for crimes based on spiritual explanations include:

Accepted Answer

A)  Compurgation 
B)  Trial by ordeal 
C)  Trial by battle 
D)  Drowning 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Compurgation 
B)  Trial by ordeal 
C)  Trial by battle 
D)  Drowning 
E)  All of the above

Question 8

Theory testing helps researchers identify causes of crime with 100% certainty.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Some criminological theories focus on the characteristics of individuals to explain involvement in criminal behavior. Describe the role of probability in these explanations of crime.

Accepted Answer

Probability plays a significant role in

Question 10

Criminology is the study of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Explanations the facts of crime 
B)  How to present the facts of crime 
C)  Identifying criminal behaviors 
D)  Prosecuting crimes 
A)  Explanations the facts of crime 
B)  How to present the facts of crime 
C)  Identifying criminal behaviors 
D)  Prosecuting crimes

Question 11

When two things (e.g., grades and time spent studying) are vary together in a systematic manner, they are said to be correlated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

How do criminologists use scientific theories in their work? What benefits do scientific theories have over other explanations of crime?

Accepted Answer

Criminologists use scientific theories i

Question 13

Correlation and causation are often confused by students. First, define the two concepts: correlation and causation. Second, describe the use of correlation and causation in theory development and testing. Why are they important, what do they tell us about explanations of crime?

Accepted Answer

Correlation and causation are two import

Question 14

Describe how theories can be falsified. Why is it important for theories to be falsifiable?

Accepted Answer

Theories can be falsified through empiri

Question 15

There are three main categories of theories described in the text: (1) individual; (2) structural/process; and (3) behavior of criminal law. Describe the tenets of each category and provide an example explanation of crime for each category.

Accepted Answer

1) Individual theories focus on the char

Question 16

Describe the following theoretical relationships, assuming two variables: positive correlation, negative correlation, no correlation.

Accepted Answer

Positive correlation refers to a relatio

Question 17

Theories can be falsified by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Using your best judgment to determine if the theory explains a behavior 
B)  Conducting a study, collecting observations, and comparing those observations to the arguments made in the theory 
C)  Flipping a coin to pick the most probable theoretical explanation 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Using your best judgment to determine if the theory explains a behavior 
B)  Conducting a study, collecting observations, and comparing those observations to the arguments made in the theory 
C)  Flipping a coin to pick the most probable theoretical explanation 
D)  None of the above

Question 18

What was the penance system established by the Quakers in the U.S. in the early 1800s? How did this model influence modern day corrections?

Accepted Answer

The penance system established by the Qu

Question 19

Spiritual explanations of crime deemed crime to be a phenomenon based on the Earth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Structure/process theories suggest crime is due to individual factors such as biology and drug use.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

What are the three main categories of criminological theories?

Bernard and his colleagues discuss three different ways of thinking about crime (i.e., assumptions about criminal behavior). Which one of the choices below is NOT one of the them?

Correlation means that two variables:

Theories that have a coherent explanation of why two or more things are related are said to have theoretical rationale.

Causal relationships are statements of:

The behavior of criminal law explanation of crime suggests that people are driven to crime through opportunity.

Examples of punishments for crimes based on spiritual explanations include:

Theory testing helps researchers identify causes of crime with 100% certainty.

Some criminological theories focus on the characteristics of individuals to explain involvement in criminal behavior. Describe the role of probability in these explanations of crime.

Criminology is the study of:

When two things (e.g., grades and time spent studying) are vary together in a systematic manner, they are said to be correlated.

How do criminologists use scientific theories in their work? What benefits do scientific theories have over other explanations of crime?

Correlation and causation are often confused by students. First, define the two concepts: correlation and causation. Second, describe the use of correlation and causation in theory development and testing. Why are they important, what do they tell us about explanations of crime?

Describe how theories can be falsified. Why is it important for theories to be falsifiable?

There are three main categories of theories described in the text: (1) individual; (2) structural/process; and (3) behavior of criminal law. Describe the tenets of each category and provide an example explanation of crime for each category.

Describe the following theoretical relationships, assuming two variables: positive correlation, negative correlation, no correlation.

Theories can be falsified by:

What was the penance system established by the Quakers in the U.S. in the early 1800s? How did this model influence modern day corrections?

Spiritual explanations of crime deemed crime to be a phenomenon based on the Earth.

Structure/process theories suggest crime is due to individual factors such as biology and drug use.

Theory and Policy in Context

Classical Criminology

Biological Factors and Criminal Behavior

Psychological Factors and Criminal Behavior

Durkheim, Anomie, and Modernization

Strain Theories

Neighborhoods and Crime

Learning Theories

Control Theories

Conflict Criminology

Marxist, Postmodern, and Green Criminology

Gender and Crime

Developmental and Life-Course Theories

Integrated Theories

Filters

Exam 1: Theory and Crime

What are the three main categories of criminological theories?

Bernard and his colleagues discuss three different ways of thinking about crime (i.e., assumptions about criminal behavior). Which one of the choices below is NOT one of the them?

Correlation means that two variables:

Theories that have a coherent explanation of why two or more things are related are said to have theoretical rationale.

Causal relationships are statements of:

The behavior of criminal law explanation of crime suggests that people are driven to crime through opportunity.

Examples of punishments for crimes based on spiritual explanations include:

Theory testing helps researchers identify causes of crime with 100% certainty.

Some criminological theories focus on the characteristics of individuals to explain involvement in criminal behavior. Describe the role of probability in these explanations of crime.

Criminology is the study of:

When two things (e.g., grades and time spent studying) are vary together in a systematic manner, they are said to be correlated.

How do criminologists use scientific theories in their work? What benefits do scientific theories have over other explanations of crime?

Correlation and causation are often confused by students. First, define the two concepts: correlation and causation. Second, describe the use of correlation and causation in theory development and testing. Why are they important, what do they tell us about explanations of crime?

Describe how theories can be falsified. Why is it important for theories to be falsifiable?

There are three main categories of theories described in the text: (1) individual; (2) structural/process; and (3) behavior of criminal law. Describe the tenets of each category and provide an example explanation of crime for each category.

Describe the following theoretical relationships, assuming two variables: positive correlation, negative correlation, no correlation.

Theories can be falsified by:

What was the penance system established by the Quakers in the U.S. in the early 1800s? How did this model influence modern day corrections?

Spiritual explanations of crime deemed crime to be a phenomenon based on the Earth.

Structure/process theories suggest crime is due to individual factors such as biology and drug use.

Theory and Policy in Context

Classical Criminology

Biological Factors and Criminal Behavior

Psychological Factors and Criminal Behavior

Durkheim, Anomie, and Modernization

Strain Theories

Neighborhoods and Crime

Learning Theories

Control Theories

Conflict Criminology

Marxist, Postmodern, and Green Criminology

Gender and Crime

Developmental and Life-Course Theories

Integrated Theories

Filters