Exam 7: Learning

A clear answer to the debate over the connection between media violence and aggression has been difficult to obtain because

Which of the following does NOT describe one of the four stages in the process of vicarious conditioning?

Which of these statements is most consistent with Skinner's views about the effects of punishment?

In second-order conditioning, an animal can learn to respond to a neutral stimulus like a light if

When a dog has food placed in its mouth, the dog begins to salivate. In classical conditioning, the salivation is referred to as the

The targeted behavior in most operant conditioning experiments is often not likely to occur spontaneously. Therefore, the experimenter must engage the animal in this procedure before further experimentation.

Research by Anderson and colleagues (2003) demonstrated that boys and men seem to be more vulnerable to media effects on direct physical aggression, whereas girls seem more vulnerable to effects on

Tolman (1948) suggested that during a non-reinforcement period of maze navigation, the rats formed a mental representation of the construction of the maze, called a

Tolman used this term to describe learning that takes place without reinforcement and which is not necessarily apparent in actual behavior.

When a dog has food placed in its mouth, the dog begins to salivate. In classical conditioning, the food is referred to as the

In an attempt to get his class to quiet down more quickly, Dr. Johnson continuously sounds a very loud bullhorn until the class stops talking. This is an example of

There are behaviors that individuals of a given species cannot learn, or have great difficulty learning, because of a conflict with innate patterns of behavior, a concept known as

Which of the following criteria must be met to assure that acquisition of a conditioned response takes place?

Pavlov found that if he allowed his animals to rest for several hours following the extinction of a behavior, the conditioned response would spontaneously appear again upon re-presentation of the conditioned stimulus.

In order to study reinforcement, psychologists commonly place rats, mice, or pigeons inside this apparatus so that reinforcement can be delivered in a controlled fashion.

Three examples of associative learning through personal experience are classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning.

In Pavlov's classic experiment, the sound of a bell or tone prior to the association with food is referred to as a

The discussion of a cognitive map would not be appealing to radical behaviorists like Skinner because

In Thorndike's studies using the puzzle box, he found that a cat was likely to pull a string to escape the box if the consequence of that behavior was food. This is an example of

Which of the following is NOT one of the three general statements about learning emphasized in the text?