Exam 8: Motivation: Cognitive and Behavioral Theories and Techniques

Jim and Alecia are both employed as sales clerks in the house wares department in a local department store. Alecia recently got a raise and now Jim is experiencing negative inequity. Which of the following responses is Jim likely to have?

Sally wants to get a raise after her next performance review, and she knows that if she meets the goals her supervisor has set she will get the raise. She does not, however, have a great deal of confidence that she will be able to meet the goals. Which of the following expectancy theory analyses of this situation is correct?

Two cognitive process theories of motivation are

A restaurant worker is given a small cash bonus about every four or five times the restaurant is busy and the worker must exert extra effort. This is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

Managers often face situations where a desired change in a person's behavior cannot happen in one step. The technique of shaping will not help a manager with this type of behavior problem.

Some organizations reward employees with casual dress days every Friday. This is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

Withdrawing a negative event to increase the frequency of desirable behavior is

Increased absenteeism or tardiness is a possible inequity response.

Joe and Tahirih routinely have the same amount of sales per month. Recently, Tahirih was awarded a large bonus that Joe did not receive. If Tahirih thinks she and Joe worked equally hard, Tahirih is likely experiencing

Expectancies have a range of positive and negative values.

An employee who has not received a vacation in over a year will desire vacation time as a reward over other types of rewards. This example demonstrates the behavior modification principle of

The reinforcement schedule that applies a consequence after each behavior is _______________ reinforcement.

An employee's belief that a certain behavior will be followed by a certain outcome is a(n) ______________.

In expectancy theory, both environmental forces and characteristics of the individual interact to affect behavior.

Performance outcomes people receive from someone else are ______________outcomes.

Withdrawing a positive event to decrease the frequency of undesirable behavior is ______________.

Many college professors are paid at the end of each month. This is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

People's ______________ include changing inputs and withdrawal from the organization.

The goal-setting steps aim to get goals that are ______________ about the ______________ and the _____________ to do the ______________.

People sometimes perceive extinction as punishment.