Question 1

Measurements of behavior that fluctuate from one observation in time to another or from one observer to another are virtually useless as data.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The major advantage to structured observation is the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)  researchers can devise a controlled setting for the purpose of eliciting the behavior(s)of interest. 
B)  researchers can observe child behavior in its most pristine form. 
C)  researchers are guaranteed the ability to draw causal conclusions. 
D)  researchers can draw only correlational inferences. 
A)  researchers can devise a controlled setting for the purpose of eliciting the behavior(s)of interest. 
B)  researchers can observe child behavior in its most pristine form. 
C)  researchers are guaranteed the ability to draw causal conclusions. 
D)  researchers can draw only correlational inferences.

Question 3

Variations in aspects of psychological development across cultures imply that

Accepted Answer

A)  there are no biological similarities across cultures. 
B)  experiential differences play a large role in the development of those psychological attributes. 
C)  biological differences play a large role in the development of those psychological attributes. 
D)  the study was not conducted properly by experimenters. 
A)  there are no biological similarities across cultures. 
B)  experiential differences play a large role in the development of those psychological attributes. 
C)  biological differences play a large role in the development of those psychological attributes. 
D)  the study was not conducted properly by experimenters.

Question 4

At the present time,________ scans have limited utility for studying normal infants and children because they require injection of a radioactive substance.

Accepted Answer

A)  PET 
B)  fMRI 
C)  MFG 
D)  ERP 
A)  PET 
B)  fMRI 
C)  MFG 
D)  ERP

Question 5

If common factors are found in children across cultures,this implies that these factors are likely influenced by common biological factors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

One problem with cross-cultural research studies is that they

Accepted Answer

A)  must always conclude that similar behavior found in children of different cultures must be biologically determined. 
B)  can never conclude that similar behavior found in children of different cultures may be biologically determined. 
C)  can never be of much benefit to developmental psychologists. 
D)  must make certain that the tasks given to children from different cultures are equated with respect to language and the type of task used. 
A)  must always conclude that similar behavior found in children of different cultures must be biologically determined. 
B)  can never conclude that similar behavior found in children of different cultures may be biologically determined. 
C)  can never be of much benefit to developmental psychologists. 
D)  must make certain that the tasks given to children from different cultures are equated with respect to language and the type of task used.

Question 7

Which type of research poses more harm to the adolescent's sense of self?

Accepted Answer

A)  Studies performed when the adolescent was an infant or toddler 
B)  Studies that compare the performance of one adolescent to that of another 
C)  Studies that encourage mathematical success 
D)  Studies performed in a laboratory setting 
A)  Studies performed when the adolescent was an infant or toddler 
B)  Studies that compare the performance of one adolescent to that of another 
C)  Studies that encourage mathematical success 
D)  Studies performed in a laboratory setting

Question 8

Regression analysis is a correlation-based statistical technique that allows researchers to make predictions about ________ variables based on one or more ________ variables.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative;positive 
B)  positive;negative 
C)  outcome;predictor 
D)  predictor;outcome 
A)  negative;positive 
B)  positive;negative 
C)  outcome;predictor 
D)  predictor;outcome

Question 9

What is regression analysis and why has it become so important to developmental researchers?

Accepted Answer

Regression analysis is a correlation bas

Question 10

A positive correlation is a relationship in which changes in one variable are accompanied by systematic changes in another variable in the opposite direction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The independent variable is the behavior that the experimenter measures and is the suspected effect of an experimental manipulation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Cohort effects are largely associated with cross-sectional studies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

One disadvantage of structured observations is that

Accepted Answer

A)  the researcher has little or no control over the variable of interest. 
B)  only a limited number of behaviors can be investigated. 
C)  a wide range of variables may be influencing the behavior under study. 
D)  children may not react in the laboratory as they would in real life. 
A)  the researcher has little or no control over the variable of interest. 
B)  only a limited number of behaviors can be investigated. 
C)  a wide range of variables may be influencing the behavior under study. 
D)  children may not react in the laboratory as they would in real life.

Question 14

Ethnography,a particular type of cross-cultural research,is best used to meet which goal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Comparing the similarities and differences of children from various cultural backgrounds. 
B)  Proving that the aspects of one's culture cause certain behaviors to develop in children. 
C)  Understanding behaviors and meaning within the context of that particular culture. 
D)  Preventing participants from reacting abnormally during the study due to the researcher's presence. 
A)  Comparing the similarities and differences of children from various cultural backgrounds. 
B)  Proving that the aspects of one's culture cause certain behaviors to develop in children. 
C)  Understanding behaviors and meaning within the context of that particular culture. 
D)  Preventing participants from reacting abnormally during the study due to the researcher's presence.

Question 15

A(n)________ follows only one or a few participants over a period of time,with an emphasis on the systematic collection of data.

Accepted Answer

A)  correlational study 
B)  interview 
C)  single-case design 
D)  case study 
A)  correlational study 
B)  interview 
C)  single-case design 
D)  case study

Question 16

A researcher who wants to obtain data from a large number of children simultaneously would probably use the

Accepted Answer

A)  clinical method. 
B)  structured interview method. 
C)  questionnaire method. 
D)  correlational design. 
A)  clinical method. 
B)  structured interview method. 
C)  questionnaire method. 
D)  correlational design.

Question 17

In Dr.Brennan's research,if the value of one variable began to decrease as the value of the other variable began to decrease,this would indicate a ________ correlation.

Accepted Answer

A)  causal 
B)  reliable 
C)  negative 
D)  positive 
A)  causal 
B)  reliable 
C)  negative 
D)  positive

Question 18

An investigation that tracks groups of children of different ages over a period of time,usually a few years,is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  extended observation. 
B)  sequential study. 
C)  longitudinal study. 
D)  cross-sectional observation. 
A)  extended observation. 
B)  sequential study. 
C)  longitudinal study. 
D)  cross-sectional observation.

Question 19

If a particular research institute,like much of the effort in developmental science,devotes considerable energy to predicting eventual child outcomes from earlier events and experiences,then it is practicing regression analysis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Dr.Maurice should have a heightened awareness of her participant's reactions to her research because children's adverse reactions can be extremely subtle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Measurements of behavior that fluctuate from one observation in time to another or from one observer to another are virtually useless as data.

The major advantage to structured observation is the fact that

Variations in aspects of psychological development across cultures imply that

At the present time,________ scans have limited utility for studying normal infants and children because they require injection of a radioactive substance.

If common factors are found in children across cultures,this implies that these factors are likely influenced by common biological factors.

One problem with cross-cultural research studies is that they

Which type of research poses more harm to the adolescent's sense of self?

Regression analysis is a correlation-based statistical technique that allows researchers to make predictions about variables based on one or more variables.

What is regression analysis and why has it become so important to developmental researchers?

A positive correlation is a relationship in which changes in one variable are accompanied by systematic changes in another variable in the opposite direction.

The independent variable is the behavior that the experimenter measures and is the suspected effect of an experimental manipulation.

Cohort effects are largely associated with cross-sectional studies.

One disadvantage of structured observations is that

Ethnography,a particular type of cross-cultural research,is best used to meet which goal?

A(n)________ follows only one or a few participants over a period of time,with an emphasis on the systematic collection of data.

A researcher who wants to obtain data from a large number of children simultaneously would probably use the

In Dr.Brennan's research,if the value of one variable began to decrease as the value of the other variable began to decrease,this would indicate a ________ correlation.

An investigation that tracks groups of children of different ages over a period of time,usually a few years,is called a(n)

If a particular research institute,like much of the effort in developmental science,devotes considerable energy to predicting eventual child outcomes from earlier events and experiences,then it is practicing regression analysis.

Dr.Maurice should have a heightened awareness of her participant's reactions to her research because children's adverse reactions can be extremely subtle.

Themes and Theories

Genetics and Heredity

The Prenatal Period and Birth

Brain, Motor Skill, and Physical Development

Basic Learning and Perception

Language

Cognition

Social Cognition

Achievement

Emotion

Self and Values

Gender

The Family

Peers

Beyond Family and Peers

Filters

Exam 2: Studying Child Development

Measurements of behavior that fluctuate from one observation in time to another or from one observer to another are virtually useless as data.

The major advantage to structured observation is the fact that

Variations in aspects of psychological development across cultures imply that

At the present time,________ scans have limited utility for studying normal infants and children because they require injection of a radioactive substance.

If common factors are found in children across cultures,this implies that these factors are likely influenced by common biological factors.

One problem with cross-cultural research studies is that they

Which type of research poses more harm to the adolescent's sense of self?

Regression analysis is a correlation-based statistical technique that allows researchers to make predictions about ________ variables based on one or more ________ variables.

What is regression analysis and why has it become so important to developmental researchers?

A positive correlation is a relationship in which changes in one variable are accompanied by systematic changes in another variable in the opposite direction.

The independent variable is the behavior that the experimenter measures and is the suspected effect of an experimental manipulation.

Cohort effects are largely associated with cross-sectional studies.

One disadvantage of structured observations is that

Ethnography,a particular type of cross-cultural research,is best used to meet which goal?

A(n)________ follows only one or a few participants over a period of time,with an emphasis on the systematic collection of data.

A researcher who wants to obtain data from a large number of children simultaneously would probably use the

In Dr.Brennan's research,if the value of one variable began to decrease as the value of the other variable began to decrease,this would indicate a ________ correlation.

An investigation that tracks groups of children of different ages over a period of time,usually a few years,is called a(n)

If a particular research institute,like much of the effort in developmental science,devotes considerable energy to predicting eventual child outcomes from earlier events and experiences,then it is practicing regression analysis.

Dr.Maurice should have a heightened awareness of her participant's reactions to her research because children's adverse reactions can be extremely subtle.

Themes and Theories

Genetics and Heredity

The Prenatal Period and Birth

Brain, Motor Skill, and Physical Development

Basic Learning and Perception

Language

Cognition

Social Cognition

Achievement

Emotion

Self and Values

Gender

The Family

Peers

Beyond Family and Peers

Filters

Regression analysis is a correlation-based statistical technique that allows researchers to make predictions about variables based on one or more variables.