Exam 5: Society,Social Structure,and Interaction

When people are proud of a particular social status that they occupy,they often choose to use visible means to let others know about their position.__________ are material signs that inform others of a person's specific status.

__________ is the complex framework of societal institutions (such as the economy,politics,and religion) and the social practices (such as rules and social roles) that make up a society and that organize and establish limits on people's behavior.

Anthropologist Edward Hall asserted that __________ is the immediate area surrounding a person that the person claims as private.

Social scientists have identified five types of societies based on various levels of __________: hunting and gathering,horticultural and pastoral,agrarian,industrial,and postindustrial societies.

__________ are based on technology that mechanizes production.New technologies,such as the invention of the steam engine and fuel-powered machinery,stimulated many changes.

__________ is the term used to describe people with a commitment to the entire group and who feel a sense of togetherness.

In hunting and gathering societies,education,religion,and politics are not formal social institutions.Instead,their functions take place on an informal basis in the kinship group,which is responsible for teaching children basic survival skills such as how to hunt and gather food.

__________ occurs when people disengage from social roles that have been central to their self-identity.

Examples of ___________ groups would include schools,churches,and corporations.

Social institutions are transformed by industrialism.The family increases in significance as the economy,education,and political institutions grow in size and complexity.

The term "status" refers to those persons with high-level positions in society.

The transfer of information between persons without the use of speech is referred to as __________.

Based on sociologist Erving Goffman's perspectives,__________ is the study of social interaction that compares everyday life to a theatrical presentation.

__________ theorists maintain that in capitalistic societies,where a few people control the labor of many,the social structure reflects a system of relationships of domination among categories of people (for example,owner-worker and employer-employee).

Facial expressions,especially smiles,reflect gender-based patterns of dominance and subordination in society.In addition to smiling more frequently,many women tend to tilt their heads in deferential positions when they are talking or listening to others.

Explain what is meant by the term "dumpster diving:" and discuss the life of a "dumpster diver."

In Gemeinschaft societies such as the United States,a prevailing core value is that people should be able to take care of themselves.

__________ occurs when incompatible role demands are placed on a person by two or more statuses held at the same time.

A physician that wants to provide their patients with the best possible health care but is required by insurance companies or governmental regulations to keep costs down will experience:

__________,or cohesion,relates to a group's ability to maintain itself in the face of obstacles.It exists when social bonds,attractions,or other forces hold members of a group in interaction over a period of time.