Exam 5: Society,Social Structure,and Interaction

Sociologist Arlie Hochschild suggests that we acquire a set of __________ that shapes the appropriate emotions for a given role or specific situation,including how,where,when,and with whom an emotion should be expressed.

When __________ occurs,we may feel pulled in different directions.We may prioritize our roles and first complete the one we consider to be most important,or we may compartmentalize our lives and "insulate" our various roles.

__________ theorists emphasize that social structure is essential because it creates order and predictability in a society.Social structure is also important for our human development.

At the __________,the social structure of a society has several essential elements: social institutions,groups,statuses,roles,and norms.

Sociologist __________ initiated the ethnomethodology approach because he was critical of mainstream sociology for not recognizing the ongoing ways in which people create reality and produce their own world.

The Gemeinschaft refers to:

According to the text,__________ occurs when the expectations associated with a role are unclear.For example,it is not always clear when the provider-dependent aspect of the parent-child relationship ends.

According to sociologist Everett Hughes,a(n) __________ status is the most important status a person occupies; it dominates all of the individual's other statuses and is the overriding ingredient in determining a person's general social position.

Family,religion,education,the economy,the government (politics),mass media,sports,science and medicine,and the military are all examples of:

Describe sociologist Erving Goffman's dramaturgical analysis and explain what he meant by presentation of self.

From sociologist Emile Durkheim's perspective,__________ refers to the social cohesion found in industrial societies,in which people perform very specialized tasks and feel united by their mutual dependence.

People use role exiting techniques when they do not want others to take them as the "self" implied in a particular role,especially if they think the role is "beneath them."

A(n) __________ is any physical or social attribute or sign that so devalues a person's social identity that it disqualifies that person from full social acceptance.

__________ occurs when incompatible demands are built into a single status that a person occupies.

For homeless women and men,___________ are not status symbols As much as they are a link with the past,a hope for the future,and a Potential source of immediate cash.

__________ theorists emphasize that social institutions exist because they perform five essential tasks: replacing members; teaching new members; producing,distributing,and consuming goods and services; preserving order; and providing and maintaining a sense of purpose.

__________,or presentation of self,refers to people's efforts to present themselves to others in ways that are most favorable to their own interests or image.

According to sociologist Arlie Hochschild,feeling rules apply to our occupational roles.Although all jobs place some burden on our feelings,__________ occurs only in jobs that require personal contact with the public or production of a state of mind (such as hope,desire,or fear) in others.

Define social group and explain the difference in primary groups and secondary groups.

The shaman,or religious leader,was common in which of the following types of societies?