Exam 7: Deviance and Crime

The __________ suggests that most people who commit crimes do not engage in random acts of antisocial behavior.Instead,they make careful decisions based on weighing the available information regarding situational factors (such as the place of the crime) and personal factors (such as what rewards they may gain from their criminal behavior).

__________ crime is a business operation that supplies illegal goods and services for profit.

Describe the criminal justice system and explain how the police and courts have considerable discretion in dealing with offenders.

Explain the relationship between age and crime.

Prostitution might be explained as a reflection of society's double standard,whereby it is acceptable for a man to pay for sex but unacceptable for a woman to accept money for such services.This explanation reflects a __________ feminist approach.

In 2009,__________ accounted for about 69 percent of all arrests for property crimes and about 58 percent of arrests for violent crimes.

A socioeconomically disadvantaged teenager decides that she must resort to crime in order to buy some clothes she wants.This illustrates:

Terrorism is the calculated,unlawful use of physical force or threats of violence against persons or property in order to intimidate or coerce a government,organization,or individual for the purpose of gaining some political,religious,economic,or social objective.

Describe political crime and explain how it may weaken social control in a society.

In relation to the functionalist perspectives on deviance,describe sociologist Robert Merton's strain theory and sociologists Richard Cloward's and Lloyd Ohlin's opportunity theory.

Members of __________ seek to acquire a "rep" (reputation) by fighting over "turf" (territory) and adopting a value system of toughness,courage,and similar qualities.

Research shows young,single,urban males are more likely to be perceived as members of ___________ and receive stricter sentences in criminal courts.

Compare sociologist Edwin Sutherland's differential association theory and criminologist Ronald Akers' differential reinforcement theory.

The role of the police in the criminal justice system continues to expand.What strategies utilized by the police do you find to be most effective? Summarize specific strategies that you believe the police should emphasize.

A young woman graduates from high school with honors and attends a prestigious university,where she completes her degree.She gets a good job,she marries,and starts planning for the future.This woman's behavior illustrates:

__________ imposes a penalty on the offender and is based on the premise that the punishment should fit the crime.The greater the degree of social harm,the more the offender should be punished.

A __________ is a serious crime for which punishment typically ranges from more than a year's imprisonment to death.

A minister who is opposed to war conducts a nonviolent protest at a local military installation,thus committing a trespassing violation.This person has engaged in:

According to functionalists,acts of civil disobedience (including lunch counter sit-ins and bus boycotts) exemplify which function of deviance?

Societies also have various mechanisms to regulate people's behavior.__________ refers to the systematic practices that social groups develop in order to encourage conformity to norms,rules,and laws and to discourage deviance.