Exam 7: Deviance and Crime

Sociologists and criminologists define a gang as a group of people who band together for purposes generally considered to be deviant or criminal by the larger society.The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention estimated that in 2002,there were over 24,500 gangs with about 772,500 members in the United States.

The Marxist/critical theory views deviance and crime as a function of the capitalist economic system.

The use of negative sanctions that proscribe certain behaviors and set forth the punishments for rule breakers and nonconformists is an example of:

__________ seeks to return offenders to the community as law-abiding citizens by providing therapy or vocational or educational training.Based on this approach,offenders are treated,not punished,so that they will not continue their criminal activity.

Instead of freeing women from their problems,prostitution institutionalizes women's dependence on men and results in a form of female sexual slavery.This reflects a __________ feminist approach.

Several stages may occur in the labeling process.__________ deviance refers to the initial act of rule-breaking.

When individuals internalize societal norms and values that prescribe how people should behave and then follow those norms and values in their everyday lives,this is referred to as __________ social control.

Sociologists Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin stated that __________ gangs are unable to gain success through legitimate means and are unwilling to do so through illegal ones.As a result,the consumption of drugs is stressed,and addiction is prevalent.

Labeling theories suggest that the probability of delinquency increases when a person's social bonds are weak and when peers promote antisocial values and violent behavior.

A person shoplifts an item of clothing from a department store and is apprehended and labeled as a "thief." The person subsequently accepts the label,and continues to shoplift items from other stores on numerous occasions.This example illustrates the tertiary deviance stage of the labeling theory.